高中化学实验教学系统的构建与实施

化学实验教学系统是化学实验教育中最重要的一个子系统.教育目标的实现,各种实验课程目标的完成,最终都要落实到具体的实验教学中去.实验教学是实验教育最基本的形式,是促进学生素质的全面发展和培养学生个性的基本途径.     

谈化学实验课中的几点做法

化学是一门以实验为基础的自然科学，实验教学能为学生正确认识物质及其变化规律提供实验事实，它具有目的性、探索性、现实性和易感知性．化学实验是化学教育的一种最有效的教学形式，它可以帮助学生获取化学知识，培养科学素质，所以在实验教学中，教师应该重视化学实验教学，以提高化学实验教学质量，提高学生的学习兴趣，培养学生的创新能力。     

开展微型化学实验促进中学化学教学改革

化学是一门实验学科，实验教学是中学化学教学的重要环节．如何认真开展化学实验教学，克服传统化学实验中的一些不足是中学化学实验教学改革的重要内容．本文就中学微型化学实验教学谈一些基本做法和体会．     

化学实验与学生科学探究精神的培养

化学是一门以实验为基础的自然科学，著名化学家戴安邦先生曾讲过：“化学实验教学是全面实施化学教育的一种最有效的形式。”探究性实验能够让学生在实验中获取基础知识和基本理论，给学生提供动手实践和探究的机会，锻炼学生分析解决综合问题和合作交流的能力，从而培养学生的科学素养，最终实现化学课程改革的根本目标。而有效地落实这一目标的关键，是积极主动地开展科学探究活动，在实验教学中注重引导学生进行探究式学习，倡导探究式实验教学。下面就近几年的教学实践谈几点做法：     

在化学实验教学中培养学生的创新思维

化学实验是培养学生创新思维的主要形式之一，同时化学实验也是检验学生创新思维品质的重要形式．本文将介绍在化学实验教学中培养学生的创新思维的方法以及化学实验改革与化学创新思维的培养．     

浅谈微型实验在化学实验教学中的运用

微型化学实验不仅在降低实验经费、减少环境污染方面有着重要的意义，而且在培养学生的综合素质能力方面有着特殊的教育功能．在教学中，要发挥微型实验的优点，处理好微型实验与常规实验的关系，根据各自的特点互补并用，提高化学实验教学质量．     

对多媒体辅助化学实验教学的思考

随着现代教育技术的发展，多媒体成了现代教育不可缺少的辅助工具。于是有腐蚀、有污染、有危险的化学实验就不让学生做，甚至部分演示实验连教师也不做．由电脑模拟演示实验，误解多媒体对化学实验教学的辅助作用。这种演示方式使学生对实验结论不信服，对教师的操作能力产生怀疑。因此多媒体辅助化学实验教学要用得好，用得巧，用得适时，恰到好处。     

改革中学化学实验,培养学生创新意识

实验教学是综合培养学生知识、能力和素质三者一体化的最好场所，是培养学生创新意识的重要手段，是实施素质教育的重要途径．然而，我国传统的中学化学实验内容存在许多问题，笔者认为，这些问题概括起来主要有以下几个方面：第一，实验内容的设计严格区分演示实验和学生实验，而且照方抓药的验证性实验过多，留给学生主动探究的空间很少，不利于实验功能的充分发挥；第二，目前的化学实验，无论在实验课题和内容的选择上、实验方案的设计上，还是在实验教学的要求和评价上，实验的学术化倾向严重，这极不利于培养学生的创新意识；第三，实验内容脱离学生的生活实际和社会实际；第四，过分孤立地强调化学实验操作技能的训练，过于重视实验的认知性结果，忽视学生的过程性体验．面对我国中学化学实验教学存在的问题，实验教学的改革显得刻不容缓．要在实验教学中发展学生的智力，提高学生的科学素质，我们就要改革中学化学实验，重新选择全面体现以实验为基础、贴近生活、贴近社会、体现绿色化学思想、注重趣味性的化学实验内容，并且注重在实验教学中改进课堂实验，激活学生的实验思维，增加实验探究内容，培养学生创新意识．     

中学化学实验技能的培养

培养学生的实验技能,是化学实验教学的重要组成部分。只有让学生掌握了基本的实验技能,才能有效地完成实验教学的各项任务。本文结合教育心理学的有关原理,谈谈对学生的实验技能的培养。 一、化学实验技能的形成 (一)技能的形成阶段 化学实验技能的形成,同其他动作技能一样,一般要经     

对培养学生实验教学能力的探讨

高师院校应重视培养学生的实验教学能力．探讨在化学实验教学中，如何转变观念，严格要求，联系实际结合典型实验训练学生讲演实验的能力，同时在教学中不断探索和改进实验设计，通过这些途径培养学生实验教学能力的一些观点和做法．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to