岩沥青对沥青混合料路用性能的研究

文章针对国产岩沥青的特性,对不同掺量的岩沥青改性沥青混合料和复合改性沥青混合料SMA-10的水稳定性,高温稳定性和低温抗裂性分别进行室内对比试验研究。结果表明,随着岩沥青掺量的增加,岩沥青改性混合料和复合改性沥青混合料的水稳定性,高温稳定性和低温抗裂性等路用性能改善明显,其中,以岩沥青掺量为沥青混合料质量的4%时,综合路用性能改善效果最好。     

欧洲岩沥青改性沥青混合料使用性能试验研究

为研究欧洲岩沥青改性沥青混合料的使用性能,制备了最大掺量达20%的欧洲岩沥青改性沥青,进行了AC-20C不同掺量改性沥青混合料的配合比设计,根据各掺量最佳油石比制作试件并进行了混合料使用性能试验.根据试验结果分析了不同掺量改性沥青混合料的动稳定度、马歇尔稳定度、流值、马歇尔模数、浸水残留稳定度、冻融劈裂残留强度比、弯曲破坏应变、15℃和20℃抗压回弹模量和15℃劈裂强度等技术参数.试验结果表明,随着欧洲岩沥青掺量的增加,改性沥青混合料的高温稳定性、水稳定性逐渐得到提高,刚度和强度逐渐增大.随着欧洲岩沥青掺量的增加,改性沥青混合料的低温抗裂性先提高至一峰值后略有回落.考虑综合性能,推荐的欧洲岩沥青最佳掺量为10%~20%.     

玻璃纤维改性排水沥青混合料路用性能分析

目的研究玻璃纤维对排水沥青混合料路用性能的改善效果,确定玻璃纤维掺量与排水沥青混合料路用性能的规律.方法利用马歇尔试验、间接拉伸试验以及冻融劈裂试验评价排水沥青混合料的高温稳定性、中低温抗裂性以及水稳定性.结果玻璃纤维掺量为0.2%时高黏排水沥青混合料高温稳定性较好,玻璃纤维掺量为0.4%时中低温抗裂性能和水稳定性能较好.基质排水沥青混合料中玻璃纤维掺量为0.2%时高温稳定性、中低温抗裂性以及水稳定性均达到最佳.结论掺加玻璃纤维可以显著提高排水沥青混合料的路用性能.玻璃纤维掺入改性排水沥青混合料具有明显的增强效果.     

布敦岩沥青湿法工艺掺量对 改性沥青混合料性能的影响

为研究采用湿法工艺布敦岩沥青掺量对改性沥青混合料使用性能的影响,采用70号A级道路石油沥青作为基质沥青,制备了最大掺量为基质沥青40%的布敦岩沥青改性沥青.进而采用石灰岩集料,对不同掺量改性沥青进行了AC-20C的沥青混合料马歇尔配合比设计.通过实验室试验,确定了不同掺量布敦岩沥青改性沥青混合料的车辙试验动稳定度、浸水马歇尔试验残留稳定度与冻融劈裂试验残留强度比、弯曲试验破坏应变、渗水系数,还有20℃、15℃抗压回弹模量、15℃劈裂抗拉强度.试验结果与结果分析表明,随着布敦岩沥青掺量的增加,改性沥青混合料的高温稳定性、水稳定性、抗渗性、刚度和强度均不同程度逐渐得到提高.随着布敦岩沥青掺量的增加,改性沥青混合料的低温抗裂性先提高至一峰值,然后略有回落.对于路用沥青混合料,推荐的布敦岩沥青掺量上限为基质沥青的30%.     

温拌沥青混合料路用性能研究

采用马歇尔试验法对温拌沥青混合料组成进行设计,并通过车辙试验、浸水马歇尔试验、弯曲试验和疲劳试验,研究温拌沥青混合料的路用性能。结果表明:温拌改性剂掺量对沥青性能有显著影响,改性剂最佳掺量为2.5%~3.0%;温拌沥青混合料具有良好的高温稳定性、水稳定性、低温抗裂性和抗疲劳性,温拌改性剂能显著提高混合料的高温稳定性和抗疲劳性,但混合料水稳定性和低温抗裂性略有降低。     

掺纤维沥青混合料对比试验研究

对不同纤维掺量的沥青混合料进行马歇尔、车辙、劈裂对比试验,并评价掺纤维沥青混合料的高温稳定性及低温抗裂性。     

玻璃纤维改性相变沥青混合料路用性能

为研究玻璃纤维对聚乙二醇(PEG)沥青混合料性能的增强效果,探究玻璃纤维掺量对其性能的影响规律,通过车辙试验、半圆弯拉试验、冻融劈裂试验研究了玻璃纤维PEG沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和水稳定性,并利用室外调温试验研究掺加玻璃纤维前后PEG在沥青混合料中的降温效果。结果表明:玻璃纤维掺量为0.2%时,PEG沥青混合料的高温稳定性较好,动稳定度比未掺时高51%;玻璃纤维对混合料低温性能、水稳定性有影响,但效果不明显;玻璃纤维几乎不会影响PEG对沥青混合料的降温效果。可见玻璃纤维能显著提高PEG沥青混合料的高温稳定性且不会破坏PEG材料的调温性能。     

生物沥青及岩沥青复合改性沥青使用性能

为研究生物沥青及岩沥青复合改性沥青结合料使用性能,在60%范围内对不同掺量(质量)生物沥青及岩沥青复合改性沥青进行针入度、软化点、延度、黏度和RTFO短期老化试验,考察基质沥青在生物沥青和岩沥青复合改性作用下各性能的变化.试验结果与分析表明:在保持生物沥青及岩沥青复合改性沥青结合料与对照组基质沥青结合料的25℃针入度一致时,岩沥青与生物沥青的比值和复合改性剂的掺量变化成正比例关系;复合改性沥青针入度指数PI值增大,温度敏感性得到改善;复合改性沥青的高温性能先略有降低而后一直提升,复合改性剂掺量约为15%时达到对照组基质沥青水平;复合改性沥青RTFO后残留针入度比先略有减小而后一直增大,复合改性剂掺量约为20%时达到对照组基质沥青水平,软化点变化提升明显;然而,沥青的延度随着复合改性剂的掺入而大幅降低,但沥青混合料弯曲试验对低温性能的验证显示,复合改性剂的掺量不超过30%时,复合改性剂的掺入不会降低沥青的低温性能,反而有一定改善.综上所述,在20%～30%掺量范围内,将复合改性剂替代部分石油沥青不会降低沥青的各类性能,甚至均有一定提高,且适应不同性能要求时掺量范围上限或下限可适当放宽.     

欧洲岩沥青改性沥青结合料使用性能试验研究

为探讨欧洲岩沥青改性沥青结合料使用性能的影响,在25%范围内对不同掺量的岩沥青改性沥青结合料进行实验室试验,并通过试验结果分析了基质沥青和改性沥青结合料的针入度、针入度指数、当量软化点、当量脆点、软化点、延度、黏度、RTFOT老化后的质量损失、残留针入度比和沥青老化指数等技术参数.试验结果与分析表明,随着岩沥青掺量的增加,岩沥青改性沥青结合料的高温性能、感温性能、可使用温度范围和抗老化性能得到明显改善.然而,随着岩沥青掺量的增加,岩沥青改性沥青结合料的低温性能与延度有所下降,有必要通过沥青混合料试验进一步评价岩沥青改性沥青的使用性能,尤其是低温特性.     

RAP掺量对反应型冷拌再生沥青混合料性能的影响

为了确定反应型冷拌再生沥青混合料合理的沥青路面回收材料(RAP)掺量,通过马歇尔试验、浸水马歇尔试验、冻融劈裂试验、车辙试验、小梁弯曲试验研究不同RAP掺量对再生沥青混合料最佳沥青用量、马歇尔稳定度、水稳定性、高温稳定性以及低温抗裂性的影响。试验结果表明:随着RAP掺量增加,最佳沥青用量降低,稳定度下降,高温稳定性增强,水稳定性和低温抗裂性减弱。RAP最佳掺量为40%,对应的最佳沥青用量、初始稳定度(2 h)及成型稳定度(12 h)分别为4.2%、4.37 kN和9.57 kN,浸水残留稳定度和冻融劈裂强度比能达到83.3%和76.1%,动稳定度为3 771次/mm,最大弯拉应变为2 406.94με。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.