理想气体的压强与它的微观本质的教学讨论

文章从分子动理论的观点阐明理想气体性质和压强的本质。根据气体动理论的基本观点和理想气体的微观模型可以推导出理想气体的压强公式,从而可以说明理想气体压强的微观本质。压强是大量气体分子对容器器壁连续不断地碰撞结果产生的。     

利用自由程的概念导出理想气体压强公式

利用自由程的概念导出理想气体压强公式周新娣（贵州师大物理系贵阳５５０００１）应用理想气体微观模型和经典统计方法推出的压强公式是分子运动论的基本规律，分子运动论认为，容器中气体对器壁所产生的压强，是大量气体分子对器壁不断壁撞的结果。现行的普通物理教材在...     

气体内部互压强不同于气体对容器壁的压强

本文指出一种修正理想气体状态方程方法的不妥，并说明范德瓦尔斯气体内部任意两部分之间的相互作用压强（以下称互压强）与气体对容器壁的压强（以下称壁压强）的不同。     

关于理想气体压强的讨论

理想气体压强公式是分子运动论基本公式之一,它建立了宏观量与微观量之间的关系,揭露了宏观现象的微观本质.通过对理想气体压强的分析和导出能增强统计概念.为推导理想气体内部压强公式,在理想气体假设条件基础上,于气体内部取一假想截面元,根据统计观点,应用立体角概念导出理想气体压强公式.     

微正则系综中极端相对论量子理想气体高温条件下压强的涨落

微正则系综中的基本热力学函数是熵 ,根据其极值性质 ,将系统中涨落的熵S在平衡态之熵S0 附近作泰勒级数展开 ,只保留压强P增量的二级项 ,得到压强P的相对涨落强度。根据量子气体的粒子数密度和能量密度的结论 ,通过严格的理论推算 ,求得量子理想气体、极端相对论量子理想气体的压强和定容热容量 ,得出这两种物理模型在高温低密度条件下压强涨落规律。对比经典理想气体、量子理想气体和极端相对论量子理想气体 3种物理模型的压强涨落规律可以发现 ,极端相对论量子理想气体压强涨落在高温量子统计领域中具有广阔的应用前景     

惯性系中理想气体的压强公式

利用力学原理和麦克斯韦速率分布率，从分子运动理论出发，讨论了惯性系中理想气体的压强，证明了理想气体强只决定于无规则热运动的分子对器壁的碰撞，而与系统整体的惯性运动无关。     

微正则系综中极端相对论量子理想气体高温条件下压强的涨落

微正则系综中的基本热力学函数是熵，根据其极值性质，将系统中涨落的熵S在平衡态之熵S0附近作泰勒级数展开，只保留压强P增量的二级项，得到压强P的相对涨落强度。根据量子气体的粒子数密度和能量密度的结论，通过严格的理论推算，求得量子理想气体、极端相对论量子理想气体的压强和定容热容量，得出这两种物理模型在高温低密度条件下压强涨落规律。对比经典理想气体、量子理想气体和极端相对论量子理想气体3种物理模型的压强涨落规律可以发现，极端相对论量子理想气体压强涨落在高温量子统计领域中具有广阔的应用前景。     

统计物理中几个问题的浅析（一）

我们知道，理想气体是最简单的物质系统，该系统是统计物理学研究的主要对象。因此深入理解理想气体的基本性质及其相关的概念，掌握各种理想气体的统计分市规律，正确应用这些规律进行分析计算，是统计物理学的基本要求。本文将围绕理想气体，谈几个相关的问题。一、理想气体的基本性质及其分类1．理想气体的基本性质理想气体实际上是一个理想模型。实际气体在非常稀薄的条件下，或严格说来，是当气体压强P趋于零的情况下，该气体方可认为是理想气体，这是我们理解理想气体的根本前提。据此可得出理想气体应满足的以下两个基本性质：门）…     

非平衡系统中的绝对温度和热力学压强

从广义熵方程出发,研究了非平衡系统的绝对温度和热力学压强,并给出了单分子理想气体的解析表达式.结果表明,非平衡系统的绝对温度和热力学压强一般低于局域平衡时的温度和压强.     

塑壳断路器灭弧室压强的仿真计算

论述了将能量守恒方程、理想气体状态方程、等熵和绝热气体基本方程用于塑壳断路器灭弧室内压强的计算方法,并编制了相关分析软件.通过实例验证,应用该分析软件所得的压强变化曲线可以较好地反映实际情况.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to