美国行政法视角下的行政自由裁量权的司法羁束

行政主体都会面临各种裁量行为,行政行为大多都包含了裁量因素,裁量的效果关系着社会上众多行政相对人的利益。行政机构在许多情形下都具有很难受到控制的自由裁量权,行政自由裁量权及其羁束问题是行政法治的根本问题。本文将通过美国行政法的视角来分析讨论有关行政自由裁量权的司法羁束问题。     

论学位授予权--法理学的视角

随着人们法治观念和权利意识的增强，司法审查已涉及高校领域，学位授予这类关系到相对人权益的行政行为更是引起司法部门和社会的广泛关注。在这种背景下，从法理的角度对学位授予权进行全面审视显得非常必要；学位授予权就其性质和特征而言，是一种法律法规授予高等学校的权力，这种权力具有行政权和学术权的双重属性；学位授予行为又是一种可申请行政行为，具有可诉性。学位授予单位在行使学位授予权时应充分贯彻法的精神，遵循法的基本原则，尤其要遵循依法行政原则、比例原则和正当程序原则，以使学位授予单位的行为既合理，又合法。     

行政裁量的规范实证分析

在实定法的维度内,行政裁量形式上可以分为行政法外的与行政法内的、绝对的与相对的。行政法外的行政裁量是指不受行政法效力控制的绝对行政裁量;行政法内的行政裁量则是指具有合法与合理双重属性且可辩驳的行政裁量。由于辩驳的结果只有在行政法内并成为合法性问题才有法律意义,否则就属于绝对行政裁量,所以＂合法＂、＂合理＂并存的观点、关于＂合法但存在合理性问题＂的表述,皆混淆了行政裁量的绝对性与相对性,因而存在混乱和错误。     

行政规划法律属性的三维度量--以司法救济为导向

行政规划作为现代行政行为法发展的产物，其在行政法领域的地位越来越突出，但是该行为定性的复杂程度制约了其发展，尤其是在缺少司法救济空间的情况下。行政规划行为在时间、空间、内容以及考察视角上的不同，导致了其在行为定性上存在争议。过程维度的阶段型界定、层级维度下的递进性界定和内容维度下的铺陈式界定，在司法救济上各有千秋。处理好不同维度下行政规划的性质与司法救济的关系，是行政规划法领域至关重要的问题。     

行政法信赖保护与诚实信用两原则比较研究

行政法信赖保护原则是指行政相对人基于对行政主体行使公权力行为的信任而做出行为或不作为，这种行为所产生的正当利益，法律应予以保护。行政法诚实信用原则是民法中的诚实信用原则在行政法领域的运用。行政法信赖保护原则和诚实信用原则两之间的关系是一个比较模糊的问题，这种情况下，厘清行政法信赖保护原则和诚实信用原则两之间的关系，有助于我国建设行政法治和诚信政府、保护相对人的合法权益。     

试论行政执法中的自由裁量权

现代行政主要表现为自由裁量行政,在行政自由裁量权膨胀条件下,行政合理性原则在行政法中地位的重要性日益凸显。本文系统考察了行政自由裁量权扩大的社会原因和行政合理性的提出、发展过程,尤着力探寻讨论了行政合理性原则作为当代行政法基本之法理基础,提出在中国现代的行政法治建设中,只有全方位强化、倡导对行政行为的"合理性与合法性"双重监督与法理性监控,严格意义上的行政法治才能在实质上得以落实。自由裁量权国家行政机关在法律、法规规定的原则和范围内有选择余地的处置权利。这些自由裁量权是从法学意义上说的,而不是从政治学意义上说的。它在行政机关及其工作人员在行政执法活动中客观存在的,由法律、法规授予的至职权。     

论英国行政法的合理性原则

合理性原则是英国行政法的标志性原则.该原则兴起于积极行政的社会背景之下,集中体现着法治的实质精神,是普通法院控制行政裁量权滥用的基本准则.在适用范围上,该原则不仅拘束议会授予的行政裁量权,而且限制源于君主特权的行政裁量权.在适用要求上,认定行政裁量行为不合理的主要标准是背离法定目的、不相关考虑与非正常判断.     

浅议西方国家对抽象行政行为司法审查的理论依据

传统的中国司法审查把抽象行政行为排斥在外，而现实中，正是这些抽象行政行为更大程度的影响看中国的改革和人民的生活。本文是从这个问题出发，着重阐述了当代西方国家对抽象行政行为进行司法审查的五种理论依据。以促进我国抽象行政行为司法审查理静的建立和完善。     

基因编辑技术医疗应用的行政法规控

 通过比较分析、规范分析和价值分析，发现基因编辑技术医疗的民事法、刑事法规控路径存在明显不足，需以行政法加以补强。通过对生命宪制理论的研究发现，基因编辑技术医疗应用的规控依赖科学行政。以科学行政规控基因编辑医疗，建议在立法上要科学厘定基因编辑医疗的概念，完善基因编辑技术医疗应用规制的技术规范，设置科学公平的处罚条款。同时要提高规范层级，形成全面、系统和专门的基因编辑技术法；在行政监管上，建议实行综合审查下的个案许可制度，同时强化行政监管的开放性，改革基因编辑伦理审查机制。在行政司法上，要建构公正的基因编辑行政纠纷解决机制，确立合理的基因编辑行政司法裁判基本原则，适用正确的利益平衡裁判方法，吸纳人民陪审，引入专家证人等。     

我国具体行政行为司法审查标准探析——以借鉴两大法系代表性国家的司法审查标准为视角

我国《行政诉讼法》确定了具体行政行为的司法审查标准,即单一且严格的"合法性审查"标准。在此标准下,行政行为的司法审查实践存在许多问题。本文通过分析、借鉴两大法系中具有代表性的国家——美国和法国的行政行为审查标准,以期对我国具体行政行为的司法审查标准进行一些完善。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to