K2O对Pt/γ-Al2O3上CO选择性氧化反应的助催效应

采用等体积浸渍法制备Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂,通过添加K2O考察其对改善富氢气氛中CO选择性氧化性能的影响.结果表明,当加入K2O的质量分数为0.034,且采取在负载Pt后再添加的方式时,可显著改善催化剂的低温活性,在120 °C时CO转化率可达90%.降低富氢气中CO浓度有助于提高CO转化率.O2/CO增加也可提高CO转化率,但O2/CO的增加并不能提高CO氧化的选择性.为了同时得到CO高转化率和CO氧化高选择性,O2/CO(V∶V)为1.0～1.8.用BET、XRD和CO-TPD等表征方法说明了K2O的助催效应.     

Ag/SBA-15的制备及其催化CO选择性氧化反应性能

以SBA-15为载体,采用双溶剂法制备了不同负载量的纳米银催化剂,考察了催化剂样品催化CO选择性氧化性能,以X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱等手段表征了催化剂的结构.结果表明:负载量为5.76%的Ag/SBA-15催化剂在CO选择性氧化反应中表现出优异的催化性能.     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气Co/TixZr1-xO2催化剂研究

利用络合法制备系列TixZr1-xO2固溶体载体,然后浸渍质量分数为20%的活性组分Co,制备了系列Co/TixZr1-xO2催化剂。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和氢程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对制备和反应后的催化剂进行表征,研究络合剂和Ti/Zr摩尔比对Co/TixZr1-xO2催化甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应时催化性能的影响。研究结果表明,采用柠檬酸络合法制备的钛锆固溶体负载的钴比较容易被还原;当Ti/Zr摩尔比为1时,该催化剂表现了较高的活性以及对H2、CO的选择性。     

Ni/Al_2O_3、Co/Al_2O_3和Ni-Co/Al_2O_3催化剂催化乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的性能

利用浸渍法制备Ni/Al2O3、Co/Al2O3、Ni-Co/Al2O3催化剂,考察催化剂对乙醇水蒸气重整反应的催化性能,对催化剂进行x射线衍射(XRD)表征.实验结果表明,Ni/Al2O3催化剂具有较好的低温活性,Co/Al2O3催化剂具有较高的氢气选择性和较低的甲烷选择性,而Ni-Co/Al2O3催化剂表现出良好的催化性能,有较高的低温活性,较高的氢气、二氧化碳选择性,较低的一氧化碳、甲烷选择性,450 ℃时乙醇转化率达到100%, 氢气选择性为79.8%,二氧化碳选择性为91.9%.     

纳米Co_3O_4的制备及其在富氢气氛下CO选择氧化反应中的催化性能

过渡金属氧化物四氧化三钴(Co_3O_4)在CO氧化反应中展示了较好的低温活性.Co_3O_4催化剂用于富氢气氛下CO选择氧化反应已引起了人们极大的关注,具有潜在的应用前景.采用液相沉淀-热解氧化方法制备了2种不同形貌的纳米Co_3O_4.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术考察了包括沉淀剂种类、老化时间、焙烧温度等合成条件对生成Co_3O_4形貌、晶粒尺度的影响.制备的Co_3O_4的外形与沉淀前驱物外形直接相关.焙烧温度越高,Co_3O_4的颗粒越大.研究了制得的Co_3O_4在富氢气氛下CO选择氧化反应中的催化性能.对比以上方法制备的Co_3O_4的催化性能发现,催化剂的粒径和比表面积与催化剂的活性存在关联.使用尿素沉淀法并经250～300℃空气热解氧化制得的Co_3O_4具有较好的催化活性.     

不同载体铜基催化剂生物质热解气低温变换反应性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了不同载体(ZrO_2、CeO_2、Al_2O_3和ZrO_2/CeO_2)负载的铜基催化剂,对不同载体的催化剂进行了XRD、BET、H2-TPR等表征,并且进一步研究了催化剂对于生物质热解气低温变换反应的催化性能.结果表明,载体对于铜基催化剂低温水煤气变换反应催化性能影响很大,ZrO_2/CeO_2作为载体的催化剂催化效果最佳.在400℃条件下,Cu/ZrO_2/CeO_2催化剂的CO转化率可以达到95%.     

CuO/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2催化剂催化CO氧化性能的研究

采用共沉淀法制备Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2载体,等体积浸渍法制备CuO/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2催化剂,考察载体中CeO_2与ZrO_2质量比(mCeO_2∶mZrO_2)和CuO负载量对CuO/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2催化剂结构及物化性能的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积及孔容积测试(BET)、氢气程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、一氧化碳程序升温还原(CO-TPR)等方法对CuO/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2催化剂进行表征,结果表明:当mCeO_2∶mZrO_2为4∶1时,CuO负载量为10%(质量分数)时,10%CuO/Ce_(0.815)Zr_(0.185)O_2催化剂具有较大的比表面积和孔容积,较好的Cu物质分散度,以及较好的还原性能和CO氧化性能.因此,在催化CO氧化反应中,10%CuO/Ce_(0.815)Zr_(0.185)O_2催化剂表现出较优的活性,在常压下,CO完全转化温度低至80℃.     

CeO_2-MnO_x/CF对甲苯的催化氧化性能

为提高Ce基催化剂对挥发性有机物(VOCs)的催化氧化性能,采用超声辅助浸渍法制备CeO_2-MnO_x/CF复合氧化物催化剂,以甲苯为探针分子,考察制备条件和反应条件对催化剂甲苯催化氧化活性的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射分析仪(XRD)、全自动比表面积及孔隙分析仪(BET)等对催化剂的形貌结构进行表征。研究结果表明:CeO_2-MnO_x/CF催化剂比表面积高,孔容大,活性组分在载体上高度分散,双组分间具有协同催化作用;在铈锰物质的量比为2:3、活性组分负载量为14%(质量分数)、空速为22.5 L/(g·h)、甲苯初始质量浓度为1 g/L条件下,CeO_2-MnO_x/CF催化剂的甲苯催化氧化活性最高,228℃下2Ce3Mn/CF催化剂对1 g/L甲苯的催化降解率可达到90%。     

K2O对Pt／γ—A12O3上CO选择性氧化反应的助催效应

采用等体积浸渍法制备Pt／γ—Al2O3催化剂，通过添加K2O考察其对改善富氢气氛中CO选择性氧化性能的影响。结果表明，当加入K2O的质量分数为0．034，且采取在负载Pt后再添加的方式时，可显著改善催化剂的低温活性，在120℃时CO转化率可达90％。降低富氢气中CO浓度有助于提高CO转化率。O2／CO增加也可提高CO转化率，但O2／CO的增加并不能提高CO氧化的选择性。为了同时得到CO高转化率和CO氧化高选择性，O2／CO(V：V)为1．0～1．8。用BET、XRD和CO—TPD等表征方法说明了K2O的助催效应。     

制备条件对Au/La-Mn-O催化剂低温氧化CO性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel法)制备系列La-Mn-O载体,用沉积-沉淀法(DP法)制备负载型金催化剂,以CO催化氧化为探针反应,对催化剂活性进行测试,并考察催化剂的制备条件(焙烧温度、制备过程中溶液的pH值、Au的负载量以及载体的种类)对催化活性的影响,用XRD、BET和AAS等手段对催化剂进行表征.结果表明,当溶液的pH=9,Au的理论负载量为2%,未经焙烧的Au/LaMnO3催化剂表现出较好的活性,CO的最低完全转化温度为90℃.稳定性测试结果显示.Au/LaMnO3催化剂具有较好的稳定性,连续反应30 h,CO的转化率一直保持100%,放置150d后催化剂活性稍有下降,CO的最低完全转化温度由原来的90℃升至110℃.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-