尺度目标的频域核回归跟踪研究

提出了一种基于频域核回归模型的尺度目标跟踪算法。该算法将时域相关滤波转换为频域的线性回归问题,构建一个包含似然项和先验项的代价损失函数,当似然项和先验项选取不同的分布函数,获得不同约束条件下的跟踪模型;通过核函数用来适应目标在跟踪过程的尺度变化。在初始帧中,通过手动标注目标初始状态,获得目标样本及其标记,利用核回归得到目标的频域模板;在跟踪过程中,利用循环卷积定理,将时域相关运算转换为频域乘积运算,快速计算候选样本的响应,得到目标在当前帧的估计;利用估计结果更新目标频域模板,同时在线更新核函数,适应目标尺度变化。实验分析表明,文中算法能够实时地跟踪目标,适应目标外观和尺度的变化,获得较好的跟踪效果。     

一种基于稀疏表示的判别式目标跟踪算法

目标跟踪是计算机视觉领域中具有挑战性的问题.提出了一种基于稀疏表示的判别式目标跟踪算法,用于在复杂场景中对运动目标进行鲁棒跟踪.该算法首先对目标进行滑动窗口稠密采样,构建目标的稀疏表示字典,然后将目标表示为该字典的稀疏编码,从而构造具有判别力的目标特征表示.在跟踪过程中,将目标跟踪问题看作是背景与目标的判别性问题,使用目标和背景的特征表示在线训练朴素贝叶斯分类器,根据分类结果得到目标的跟踪结果.为了适应场景及目标外观变化,设计动态更新机制对字典与分类器进行在线更新.和传统基于稀疏表示的跟踪方法相比,该算法将稀疏表示与判别式分类器结合,利用稀疏表示获得具有判别力的目标特征表示,而在线的朴素贝叶斯分类器则确保了目标跟踪的快速有效.与流行的多种跟踪算法比较结果表明,本算法能够在复杂条件下实现目标的鲁棒跟踪.     

基于稀疏模型和Gabor小波字典的跟踪算法

基于稀疏表示理论的目标跟踪方法可以通过激活少量神经元完成目标的动态跟踪,但是要求在当前图像背景中的遮挡或者目标物的姿态变化是可以进行稀疏表示的小面积范围.针对这一问题,基于Gabor函数和稀疏理论提出一种强鲁棒性的目标跟踪算法.该算法首先使用目标模板在初始帧中创建Gabor字典,其次使用该字典对候选目标完成稀疏表示,最后通过对Gabor字典的更新完成目标跟踪.实验结果表明了算法的有效性.     

多特征融合的长时间目标跟踪算法

针对长时间运动目标跟踪中因目标严重形变、短暂离开视线、遮挡而引起的跟踪漂移或丢失问题,提出一个多特征融合的长时间目标跟踪算法.首先,提取图像的方向梯度直方图和纹理特征后,训练两个独立的特征模板,线性加权融合得出滤波模型.其次,设计一个存放高置信度跟踪结果的标签库,记录跟踪结果的位置信息、置信度、使用次数.最后,在跟踪漂移或失败时,结合EdgeBox产生的目标候选框,并快速从标签库中获取重新跟踪的初始帧,在线训练更新滤波模型,从而使算法在长时间跟踪时保持较高的鲁棒性和高效性.在公开数据集上与流行算法进行对比测试,证明该算法在距离准确率、跟踪成功率和鲁棒性方面优于其他对比算法.研究结果表明,多特征融合方法能有效解决遮挡、颜色相近、形变等复杂场景下的长时间目标跟踪问题.     

基于箱粒子滤波的扩展目标伯努利跟踪算法

针对复杂环境下,扩展目标跟踪量测存在漏检以及量测不精确、模糊的问题,引入区间分析技术,提出了一种基于箱粒子滤波的扩展目标伯努利滤波算法.算法首先采用伯努利随机有限集和泊松随机有限集分别描述扩展目标的状态和观测,然后将箱粒子滤波应用到扩展目标伯努利滤波算法,推导了适用于不确定量测的扩展目标伪似然函数和状态更新方程,并用伯努利箱粒子滤波递推地对扩展目标的状态进行估计跟踪.仿真实验表明:与扩展目标伯努利粒子滤波算法相比,所提算法在保证扩展目标跟踪性能的同时,有效减少了算法的计算时间.     

基于自适应特征融合的均值迁移目标跟踪

提出了一种基于自适应多特征融合的目标跟踪算法.分别利用RGB颜色和LBP纹理特征建立目标模型,通过线性加权将两类目标子特征模型代入目标相似性函数并用均值迁移算法进行目标位置优化计算.在跟踪过程中,引入S igmoid函数动态调整两类子特征权重,并利用子特征相关系数和可靠性指数对目标特征模型选择性自适应更新.实验结果表明,该算法能在跟踪场景和目标外观变化时自适应调整两种子特征权重,避免了特征失效导致的跟踪失败;特征模型选择性更新策略有效抑制了模型漂移.与单一特征和模型直接更新的跟踪方法相比,该算法在复杂跟踪环境更具有鲁棒性,能进行准确稳定的实时跟踪.     

基于CNN的粒子滤波目标跟踪算法研究

针对复杂场景下目标跟踪算法存在的跟踪目标丢失漂移等问题,提出一种粒子滤波框架下基于卷积神经网络（convolutional neural network,CNN）的目标跟踪算法.该算法采用CNN提取跟踪目标的高层语义特征,并引入离线训练方式,提高训练效率以及特征提取的泛化能力;利用粒子滤波算法框架,实现目标运动状态的有效估计;同时采用长时与短时两种更新策略,并引入困难样本挖掘的在线训练方式,以适应目标外观变化与背景干扰等复杂情况.仿真实验结果表明本文算法能有效适应遮挡、光照、剧烈运动等场景.与多个当前的跟踪算法在公开测试样本下进行了结果比较和分析,验证了本算法在解决跟踪目标丢失漂移等问题上的有效性.      

一种基于算法融合的运动目标跟踪算法

为了提高目标跟踪算法在复杂环境下的稳健性,提出了一种将基于颜色特征的均值漂移算法和SURF(Speeded UpRobust Features)特征匹配算法相融合的目标跟踪方法。该算法首先采用颜色特征和SURF特征分别描述目标模板,利用均值漂移算法快速估计目标局部最优解。但仅采用单一颜色特征来估计目标位置,跟踪误差逐渐累积;采用SURF算法精确估算目标位置和尺度,及时修正累积误差。最后根据相似性度量Bhattacharyya系数选择较优的结果作为当前帧跟踪结果,且更新目标模板。实验结果表明,算法在目标发生较大形变、尺度变化、周边具有表观相似目标时具有很强的稳健性,且满足跟踪实时性要求。     

一种具有目标匹配约束的加权多示例学习视频目标跟踪算法

以多示例学习(Multiple Instance Learning,MIL)目标跟踪方法为代表,基于自适应辨别模型的视频目标跟踪算法近年来得到广泛重视,这些算法用分类器对图像进行处理,将使分类器置信最大的采样样本作为当前帧的跟踪结果.在此基础上,基于加权多示例学习(Weighted Multiple Instance Learning,WMIL)的目标跟踪算法提出在分类器学习阶段对正样本进行重要性采样,加大正包内正样本的贡献,达到更好的跟踪效果.然而,当前一帧输出结果不准确时,会使得分类器学习性能下降,从而引起目标漂移或跟踪失败.本文基于WMIL算法,提出用目标匹配约束预判断当前帧是否存在目标漂移,从而对下一帧采样中心位置进行矫正,达到抑制目标漂移以及避免跟踪失败的效果.仿真结果表明,本算法在标准视频测试集上都取得了较优的结果.     

基于多尺度超像素融合的RGB-D单幅图像阴影检测算法

针对单幅复杂环境图像阴影检测问题, 提出一种基于多尺度超像素融合的自动阴影检测快速算法. 首先利用深度图像计算各点的法向量及空间坐标, 同时利用简单线性迭代聚类算法对彩色图像进行多个尺度的超像素分割; 然后使用阴影置信度算法结合图像的色度、法线和空间位置信息分别估计各尺度下的超像素阴影置信度; 最后采用Adaboost训练的分类器对各尺度下的超像素阴影置信度进行融合, 得到最终的判决结果. 实验结果表明, 该算法的准确度明显高于原阴影置信度算法, 运行时间约为原阴影置信度算法的10%, 对于小块阴影、 大面积阴影及边缘不清晰的软阴影检测表现较突出, 适合对光线复杂环境下的图像进行前期预处理.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to