轴流式压气机机匣壁面静压脉动特征研究

运用小波包分析和概率密度函数分析的方法,对某型发动机节流过程中,压气机第一级静子机匣壁面静压信号的脉动特征及概率密度函数特性进行了研究。研究发现,随着发动机工作点沿共同工作线趋近喘振边界,压气机第一级静子机匣壁面静压信号中几个特定频带内信号分量的脉动幅度增强、概率密度函数分布展宽,可以作为试验发动机节流过程中气动失稳的信号特征。     

多级轴流式压气机静压升特性研究

对多级轴流式压气机在几个典型工况下各级静压相对于设计点静压的变化特性进行了研究。研究发现,中低转速工作条件下,压气机后面级静压的变化对发动机工况的改变不如前面级敏感,因此,按常规方法监控压气机后面级流动参数的变化难于及时发现发动机中小状态时的压气机气动不稳定征兆信号。研究表明,为提高检测压气机气动不稳定征兆的时效性,应考虑在压气机前面级安装传感器,监控中低转速下的压气机气动失稳征兆信号。     

压气机叶顶间隙变化规律及对气动性能的影响

以大涵道比涡扇发动机系列的十级高压压气机为研究对象,在压气机部件、核心机及整机平台上详细开展了压气机叶顶间隙变化规律及其对气动性能影响的试验研究,同时结合叶顶间隙对跨音级、高亚音级和低亚音级的仿真验证,得到了压气机不同级对叶顶间隙的性能敏感区,进而揭示了叶顶间隙影响多级压气机整机性能的机理。结果表明:不同尺寸的压气机叶顶间隙变化规律具有一致性,经验证主要和离心力及温度场相关。间隙增大后压气机设计转速下的流量压比特性和流量效率特性均整体下降,尤其后面级间隙对气动性能有显著影响。随着叶顶间隙的增大,压气机的跨音级因叶展较高叶顶间隙与叶展比较小,未出现效率突降的情况,但是后面亚音级做功能力明显降低,间隙影响主要集中在后面级即亚音级,使得压气机典型工况的效率和裕度均有所下降。     

某型航空发动机压气机叶片气动负荷的近似计算

以某型航空发动机压气机四、五、六级动叶为研究对象，在缺乏叶片扭向设计参数的情况下，根据发动机在地面标准大气条件、设计转速下计算所得的气流参数——压力、温度和速度，应用压气机增压过程中的能量转换关系及级压缩功的表达式，并考虑到动叶受力远大于静叶受力、动叶故障率远大于静叶故障率的事实，近似计算了发动机设计转速下四、五、六级动叶的气动负荷随叶高的变化，从而找到了一种叶片气动负荷的近似计算方法，并为叶片强度校核及振动分析打下了基础。     

叶顶间隙对压气机非设计转速气动性能影响的试验研究

为研究叶尖间隙对压气机非设计转速性能特性与稳定边界的影响,以某大涵道比涡扇发动机的十级高压压气机为研究对象,在高转速压气机试验器上开展了试验研究.采用精细化的级间参数测量,以揭示叶尖间隙影响多级压气机级间匹配的机理.结果 表明:叶尖间隙增大后,压气机非设计转速的流量减小、效率降低,且间隙对气动稳定性有显著影响,压气机的前面级未出现压比降低的情况,后面级做功能力明显降低,间隙影响主要集中在叶高80％截面以上,使得压气机更容易进入失速状态.     

壁面粗糙度对轴流压气机气动性能的影响

以某典型压气机级为研究对象,利用三维数值模拟方法系统、定量地研究了壁面粗糙度变化对轴流压气机气动性能的影响,揭示了壁面粗糙导致压气机性能退化的内在机制。结果表明:壁面粗糙度增大会降低压气机总压比和等熵效率,且粗糙度越大,性能衰退越快;当壁面粗糙度超过90μm时,压气机的总压比和等熵效率分别下降2.58%和7.15%;近壁区气流的黏性耗散,分离区气流掺混、堵塞的增强,以及激波损失是导致压气机性能退化的主要原因;壁面粗糙度增大将使压气机特性线向流量减小的方向移动,近失速点的特性参数减小得更快,压气机的稳定工况范围有所增大,但通流能力大幅降低;当壁面粗糙度超过150μm时,失速工况提前发生,压气机稳定工作范围迅速减小6.21%。     

轴流压气机低速模化设计的叶片造型

为了提高航空发动机高压压气机的气动性能,需要对高速压气机进行低速模化设计以开展试验研究.选取高压压气机后面级作为研究对象,给出了高压压气机低速模化设计的相似准则和模化设计流程,为低速模化设计提供了可以借鉴的准则.针对高速原型压气机设计工况点,制定模化设计目标,完成几何变换、通流设计、叶片造型及数值模拟.重点研究了叶片造型模化相似技术,在叶片造型设计上突破了几何相似的限制,通过三维积叠造型的设计方法保证了高低速压气机气动参数的相似性.研究为轴流压气机低速模化设计的叶片造型提供了可以借鉴的方法.     

某型航空发动机压气机叶片振动静频与动频的关系

以某型航空发动机压气机四、六级叶片为研究对象,考虑发动机实际工作时的温度及叶片扭向的影响,首先计算了压气机叶片振动的静频值及发动机特定转速下的动频值。通过函数拟合,得到了压气机叶片振动的动频与静频及发动机转速的关系式,给出了在更接近于实际工作状态下计算某型发动机任意转速下叶片动频的方法,指出了所得关系式与传统关系式相比,其优点在于既包括了温度的影响又恰当地反映了叶片扭向的影响。     

基于Kriging模型的数据拟合及多场耦合动力学特性分析

航空发动机日益向高负荷、高效率和高可靠性的趋势发展,使得多物理场耦合问题越来越受到重视.以某型航空发动机压气机的叶盘系统为研究对象,采用循环对称分析法,建立了其单扇区三维流场和结构模型.考虑前一级静叶尾迹的影响,模拟了压气机内部的三维流场.基于Kriging模型实现了流场气动、温度载荷向结构场的传递,并讨论了气动、温度、离心力的耦合作用对压气机叶盘系统的疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明:利用Kriging模型进行多场耦合界面载荷数据的传递可以满足多场耦合动力学的计算要求.在低压压气机中,离心力载荷对叶盘系统的变形、应力起到主要作用,气动压强、温度载荷引起的弯曲应力可以抵消一部分离心力载荷引起的弯曲应力,但温度载荷会使得叶盘系统的最大变形增加.     

完全跨声速风扇级概念及特性研究

针对跨声速风扇/压气机级中静子的设计来流速度都为亚声速的现状,通过数值模拟比较了不同气动负荷的4组单级风扇,认为静子来流的跨声速现象是提高跨声速风扇/压气机级气动负荷的必然结果.模拟结果还表明,当来流马赫数不超过1.33时,不采用附面层主动控制而通过已有的设计手段可以有效地控制分离区,将跨声速来流造成的静子损失控制在适当的范围.进而对跨声速静子作出了明确定义,提出了完全跨声速风扇/压气机级的概念,认为完全跨声速风扇/压气机级的设计准则与经典设计准则至少有2点不同:静子轮毂区来流马赫数可以大于1.0;静子轮毂区的扩散因子上限为0.53.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-