铁磁/半导体/铁磁异质结中电子的自旋翻转及磁电阻效应

考虑半导体中自旋轨道耦合作用的自旋翻转效应及铁磁半导体边界处的界面势垒作用,研究了自旋极化电子在准一维铁磁/半导体/铁磁(F/S/F)异质结中的输运行为.数值结果表明,随着界面势垒的增大能够实现电子自旋的翻转.随着两边铁磁体磁化方向夹角的变化,磁电阻在夹角为π处出现正负转变,而且磁电阻正负值的绝对值关于夹角π不对称,这些现象均起源于Rashba自旋轨道耦合作用而不是Dresselhaus自旋轨道耦合作用.与Dresselhaus自旋轨道耦合作用相比,Rashba自旋轨道耦合作用更能增大磁电阻效应.     

磁电耦合对于铁电磁系统的磁性关联的影响

铁电磁系统具有在低温下铁电有序和(反)铁磁有序自发共存的特征,存在内禀的磁电耦合效应.利用了铁电软模理论和基于海森堡模型的平均场近似理论,分别研究了磁电耦合对铁电、铁磁有序共存系统和铁电、反铁磁有序共存系统的磁性质的影响.结果发现在一定的外磁场条件下,无论是铁电、铁磁有序共存的系统还是铁电、反铁磁有序共存的系统,磁电耦合都相当于一个虚拟的外磁场,且系统的铁磁性关联会随着耦合常数的增加而增加.     

复相多铁材料中电场调控自旋的翻转

电场调控的自旋翻转因在低能耗高密度的新型存储器件中有巨大的应用潜力而受到人们的广泛关注.在复相多铁材料中,利用磁电耦合效应有可能实现电场调控自旋的翻转.我们在CoPt/PMN-PT异质结中,利用电场调控矫顽力的变化,实现了电场调控自旋的翻转.在铁磁形状记忆合金Mn-Ni-Sn与0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3组成的复合材料中,通过电场调控交换偏置场的变化,无需偏置磁场就可以实现电场调控自旋的翻转.     

铁磁—反铁磁超晶格零温磁矩

用线性自旋波理论研究铁磁－反铁磁超晶格的零温磁性质，数值计算结果表明，反铁磁层内耦合强度Ｊ２对超晶格性质有重要影响，是格零温磁矩有着非同建党的量子效应．     

自旋反转效应对铁磁/绝缘层/铁磁结中的隧道磁电阻的影响

考虑到自旋反转效应,用量子力学隧穿方法,计算铁磁/绝缘层/铁磁结中的隧道磁电阻,计算结果表明自旋反转使铁磁/绝缘层/铁磁结中的隧道磁电阻减小.     

金属-绝缘体颗粒膜隧穿磁电阻效应的修正理论

基于Inoue模型,提出了一个修正理论来研究金属-绝缘体颗粒膜的隧穿磁电阻效应.假定颗粒膜中铁磁颗粒的尺寸服从对数正态函数,通过两个临界尺寸D1(T)和D2(T)将颗粒膜中的铁磁颗粒分为三类:超顺磁颗粒、单畴铁磁颗粒和多畴颗粒.同时引进一个参数k2来描述超顺磁颗粒与单畴铁磁颗粒对颗粒膜巨磁电阻效应影响的权重,另一个参数k1来描述基体对铁磁颗粒自旋极化率的影响.计算结果表明仅有单畴铁磁颗粒对颗粒膜的隧穿磁电阻效应起主导作用.     

掺杂对一维反铁磁海森堡自旋链性质的影响

应用三子格的自旋波理论和格林函数方法研究了由掺杂形成的准一维自旋1/2的反铁磁海森堡系统,得到系统存在3支自旋波激发谱,其中1支没有能隙,2支有能隙;在长波近似下,这3支自旋波激发谱与波矢k成平方关系,系统的低温比热为C∝T1/2关系,其基态具有磁性长程序,这都不同于未掺杂的一维自旋1/2的反铁磁海森堡链模型系统.对系统磁性序的研究表明,T=0是相变点,Mermin-Wagner定理对于该系统成立.     

铁磁-反铁磁双层系统低温内能

应用线性自旋波的理论导出铁磁－反铁磁双层系统的Ｈｅｉｓｅｎｂｅｒｇ模型哈密顿量,采用矩阵格林函数运动方程技术得到自旋波的色散关系,利用数值计算的方法得到铁磁－反铁磁双层的低温内能。     

石墨烯反铁磁关联的数值研究

从定义在Honeycomb晶格上的Hubbard模型出发,使用量子蒙特卡罗方法研究了石墨烯在低掺杂时的磁学关联.通过计算系统的自旋结构因子、自旋关联函数和自旋磁化率发现:系统在低掺杂时表现为反铁磁自旋关联,反铁磁自旋关联在低温时更为显著,并随着电子相互作用强度的增大而增强,但随着电子浓度的减小而减弱;次近邻跃迁元对反铁磁波矢点的自旋磁化率有较为显著的加强作用.     

自旋S=1双层铁磁—反铁磁的零温磁矩

采用线性自旋波理论导出铁磁－反铁磁双层系统的Ｈｅｉｓｅｎｂｅｒｇ模型哈密顿量，采用矩阵格林函数运动方程技术，得到自旋波的色散关系，利用数值计算方法计算了铁磁－反铁磁双层系统的低温内能。     

Magnetic control of ferroelectric polarization

The magnetoelectric effect--the induction of magnetization by means of an electric field and induction of polarization by means of a magnetic field--was first presumed to exist by Pierre Curie, and subsequently attracted a great deal of interest in the 1960s and 1970s (refs 2-4). More recently, related studies on magnetic ferroelectrics have signalled a revival of interest in this phenomenon. From a technological point of view, the mutual control of electric and magnetic properties is an attractive possibility, but the number of candidate materials is limited and the effects are typically too small to be useful in applications. Here we report the discovery of ferroelectricity in a perovskite manganite, TbMnO3, where the effect of spin frustration causes sinusoidal antiferromagnetic ordering. The modulated magnetic structure is accompanied by a magnetoelastically induced lattice modulation, and with the emergence of a spontaneous polarization. In the magnetic ferroelectric TbMnO3, we found gigantic magnetoelectric and magnetocapacitance effects, which can be attributed to switching of the electric polarization induced by magnetic fields. Frustrated spin systems therefore provide a new area to search for magnetoelectric media.     

六角多铁HoMnO3的磁电性质及其研究进展

六角HoMnO3材料是近年来多铁性磁电材料研究中一个极其重要且具有代表性的材料.文章全面概述了多铁材料HoMnO3的磁电性质以及近年来国内外的相关研究进展,包括HoMnO3的低温自旋交换作用、磁性相变、外加电场诱导的磁化改变、铁电极化机理以及由于磁弹、自旋晶格耦合、自旋声子耦合作用导致的巨磁电效应等.重点评述了HoMn...     

Magnetic phase control by an electric field

The quest for higher data density in information storage is motivating investigations into approaches for manipulating magnetization by means other than magnetic fields. This is evidenced by the recent boom in magnetoelectronics and 'spintronics', where phenomena such as carrier effects in magnetic semiconductors and high-correlation effects in colossal magnetoresistive compounds are studied for their device potential. The linear magnetoelectric effect-the induction of polarization by a magnetic field and of magnetization by an electric field-provides another route for linking magnetic and electric properties. It was recently discovered that composite materials and magnetic ferroelectrics exhibit magnetoelectric effects that exceed previously known effects by orders of magnitude, with the potential to trigger magnetic or electric phase transitions. Here we report a system whose magnetic phase can be controlled by an external electric field: ferromagnetic ordering in hexagonal HoMnO3 is reversibly switched on and off by the applied field via magnetoelectric interactions. We monitor this process using magneto-optical techniques and reveal its microscopic origin by neutron and X-ray diffraction. From our results, we identify basic requirements for other candidate materials to exhibit magnetoelectric phase control.     

六角多铁HoMnO3的磁电性质及其研究进展

六角HoMnO3材料是近年来多铁性磁电材料研究中一个极其重要且具有代表性的材料.文章全面概述了多铁材料HoMnO3的磁电性质以及近年来国内外的相关研究进展,包括HoMnO3的低温自旋交换作用、磁性相变、外加电场诱导的磁化改变、铁电极化机理以及由于磁弹、自旋晶格耦合、自旋声子耦合作用导致的巨磁电效应等.重点评述了HoMnO3材料磁电效应产生的物理机制,在此基础上,讨论了应用过程中存在的问题,提出了解决的可能途径.     

Magnetization vector manipulation by electric fields

Conventional semiconductor devices use electric fields to control conductivity, a scalar quantity, for information processing. In magnetic materials, the direction of magnetization, a vector quantity, is of fundamental importance. In magnetic data storage, magnetization is manipulated with a current-generated magnetic field (Oersted-Ampère field), and spin current is being studied for use in non-volatile magnetic memories. To make control of magnetization fully compatible with semiconductor devices, it is highly desirable to control magnetization using electric fields. Conventionally, this is achieved by means of magnetostriction produced by mechanically generated strain through the use of piezoelectricity. Multiferroics have been widely studied in an alternative approach where ferroelectricity is combined with ferromagnetism. Magnetic-field control of electric polarization has been reported in these multiferroics using the magnetoelectric effect, but the inverse effect-direct electrical control of magnetization-has not so far been observed. Here we show that the manipulation of magnetization can be achieved solely by electric fields in a ferromagnetic semiconductor, (Ga,Mn)As. The magnetic anisotropy, which determines the magnetization direction, depends on the charge carrier (hole) concentration in (Ga,Mn)As. By applying an electric field using a metal-insulator-semiconductor structure, the hole concentration and, thereby, the magnetic anisotropy can be controlled, allowing manipulation of the magnetization direction.     

Observation of coupled magnetic and electric domains

Ferroelectromagnets are an interesting group of compounds that complement purely (anti-)ferroelectric or (anti-)ferromagnetic materials--they display simultaneous electric and magnetic order. With this coexistence they supplement materials in which magnetization can be induced by an electric field and electrical polarization by a magnetic field, a property which is termed the magnetoelectric effect. Aside from its fundamental importance, the mutual control of electric and magnetic properties is of significant interest for applications in magnetic storage media and 'spintronics'. The coupled electric and magnetic ordering in ferroelectromagnets is accompanied by the formation of domains and domain walls. However, such a cross-correlation between magnetic and electric domains has so far not been observed. Here we report spatial maps of coupled antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric domains in YMnO3, obtained by imaging with optical second harmonic generation. The coupling originates from an interaction between magnetic and electric domain walls, which leads to a configuration that is dominated by the ferroelectromagnetic product of the order parameters.     

外电场对层状复合材料磁电效应的影响

以Landau唯象热力学理论为基础，求得了与电场相关的压电相状态方程，结合磁致伸缩相状态方程和一定的边界条件，研究了外电场对磁电电压系数的影响．结果显示：用来极化铁电层的外电场对磁电作用有很大的影响，随着外电场的增大，横向和纵向的磁电电压系数将明显减小，从而有效分析了磁电电压系数实验值小于理论值的可能原因．     

多铁性异质结研究进展

多铁异质结中的磁电耦合效应是凝聚态物理和材料物理的研究热点之一.相比单相的多铁材料,多铁异质结中界面处的自旋、电荷、轨道以及晶格之间存在着复杂的相互作用,导致出现一些新的物理现象,使得其在新一代的存储器、传感器、微波等领域中具有重要的应用前景.文章介绍近年来在多铁异质结方向取得的进展,着重介绍实现电场对磁性控制的场效应、应变效应、交换偏置效应等,以及磁场对多铁性的调控,从而获得很大的磁电耦合效应;分析了多铁隧道结及其磁电耦合效应,其集成了传统铁电隧道结和铁磁隧道结的优势,可大幅度提高单个存储单元存储状态,从而提高存储密度.最后提出当前面临的问题和对未来的展望.     

Coherent spin manipulation without magnetic fields in strained semiconductors

A consequence of relativity is that in the presence of an electric field, the spin and momentum states of an electron can be coupled; this is known as spin-orbit coupling. Such an interaction opens a pathway to the manipulation of electron spins within non-magnetic semiconductors, in the absence of applied magnetic fields. This interaction has implications for spin-based quantum information processing and spintronics, forming the basis of various device proposals. For example, the concept of spin field-effect transistors is based on spin precession due to the spin-orbit coupling. Most studies, however, focus on non-spin-selective electrical measurements in quantum structures. Here we report the direct measurement of coherent electron spin precession in zero magnetic field as the electrons drift in response to an applied electric field. We use ultrafast optical techniques to spatiotemporally resolve spin dynamics in strained gallium arsenide and indium gallium arsenide epitaxial layers. Unexpectedly, we observe spin splitting in these simple structures arising from strain in the semiconductor films. The observed effect provides a flexible approach for enabling electrical control over electron spins using strain engineering. Moreover, we exploit this strain-induced field to electrically drive spin resonance with Rabi frequencies of up to approximately 30 MHz.     

Spin electromagnetic field and dipole: A localized and quantized field

This paper investigates the structure of a spin electromagnetic (EM) field and its various physical properties. A spin EM field is an intrinsic mode of free space, which satisfies the spin equations derived from Maxwell equations. A spin mode has two basic properties: the spin along its axis and the localization of electromagnetic field. The source and EM structure of this electric and magnetic mode are described in detail in this paper. The distributed charge and current of a spin mode can be integrated to obtain the electric and magnetic moment, and they can be treated as the electromagnetic dipole. A spin mode possesses both wave and particle properties: a wave number, angular frequency and characteristic speed are its wave parameters; an intrinsic radius, energy and angular momentum are its dynamic parameters. The former is analogous to an EM resonant mode; the latter is similar to the behavior of a particle with intrinsic spin. There are two kinds of electric modes present, one can be expressed through a pair of charges, and the other can be expressed by a magnetic current. They both have the same electric moment, but have different divergence properties.