从勒菲弗尔的操控论看意识形态对晚清文学翻译的操控——以林纾、严复、梁启超翻译为例

翻译不仅仅是语言符号的简单转换,更是一种跨文化的交际活动,翻译研究应该置于更广阔的社会背景之下。从勒菲弗尔的操控论角度对晚清文学翻译进行审视,探讨意识形态对其产生的操控。     

从意识形态操纵角度看翻译的本质

翻译是文化交流活动,它是不同文化语境的转换,并受制于文化之间的各种权力关系。中国传统翻译研究的标准是“忠实”,其主要侧重点是原著与译文之间的文本对比。本文分析操控论的渊源、发展及它对翻译研究的影响。并试图借鉴西方操控学派的研究视角对翻译的本质进行分析,揭示“意识形态”对翻译本质之影响。     

意识形态对文革时期美国文学翻译的操控——以荣如德的《爱情故事》译本为例

勒菲弗尔认为意识形态、诗学、权力关系和赞助人等因素影响着翻译，其中，意识形态是操控文学翻译的主要因素。将以文革时期荣如德的《爱情故事》译本为例，探讨该时期特殊的的美国文学翻译现象，并揭示意识形态如何对翻译策略进行操控。     

意识形态操纵下的新移民文学翻译——对小说《扶桑》英译的个案研究

移民文学在多元文化系统的位置比较特殊,尤其是上世纪八十年代出国留学浪潮推进的第三代海外华人文学。这种中国新移民文学,由于各种原因,其受到的多方意识形态的操控十分明显。本文拟以埃文.佐哈尔的多元系统论和勒菲弗尔的重写和操控论为主要理论依据,选用中国旅美女作家严歌苓首部以移民生活为题材的小说《扶桑》及其英译本为分析对象,主要从译入语社会主流意识形态对源语原著选择的主导性、译者个人的意识形态对翻译策略选择及译作风格把握的操纵性及赞助人对书名翻译的干预和对新书宣传的导向这三个方面探讨多元系统内各种文化语境制约因素对新移民文学翻译的影响。     

意识形态操纵下的新移民文学翻译——对小说《扶桑》英译的个案研究

移民文学在多元文化系统的位置比较特殊,尤其是上世纪八十年代出国留学浪潮推进的第三代海外华人文学。这种中国新移民文学,由于各种原因,其受到的多方意识形态的操控十分明显。本文拟以埃文.佐哈尔的多元系统论和勒菲弗尔的重写和操控论为主要理论依据,选用中国旅美女作家严歌苓首部以移民生活为题材的小说《扶桑》及其英译本为分析对象,主要从译入语社会主流意识形态对源语原著选择的主导性、译者个人的意识形态对翻译策略选择及译作风格把握的操纵性及赞助人对书名翻译的干预和对新书宣传的导向这三个方面探讨多元系统内各种文化语境制约因素对新移民文学翻译的影响。     

解读文化翻译的第三空间

翻译的文化转向使文化翻译勃然兴起,在文化的多元性不断丰富的当今世界,文化翻译观对比语言学翻译观具有现实的进步性,语言学的对等论已束缚了翻译的进一步发展。多元系统理论及解构主义理论为文化翻译的第三空间提供了理论解读,文化翻译的第三空间是不同于原语文化和目标语文化的文化交融和冲突的空间,译者作为这一空间的操控者应该尽量以第三者的视角,客观、不偏不倚地审视翻译过程。     

意识形态对翻译实践的操控

勒菲弗尔将意识形态纳入了翻译研究的视野,使学者从一个新的视角来重新看待翻译实践.意识形态对翻译实践具有操控作用,这种作用是多方面的.本文通过实例归纳总结了意识形态在各个方面对翻译实践的操控.     

严复三善论中翻译主体的现代阐释

严复的＂信﹑达﹑雅＂三善论体现了现代译论翻译主体的三位一体,突出了译者的主体地位,而作者和读者构成两个边缘主体,其翻译客体涵盖了原语和译入语的两个文本﹑两门语言和两种文化等诸因素。三善论观照了现代译论翻译主、客体的统一,体现了翻译活动中翻译主体对客体的兼顾、转化和会通。     

浅析翻译活动中的赞助人因素

作为Andr eLefevere理论体系的重要组成部分,赞助人因素已经在翻译活动及研究过程中被越来越多的研究者所重视。Andre Lefevere认为,在翻译活动进行的过程中,赞助人发挥着举足轻重的作用并操控着翻译者的选材、翻译过程中所采用的策略和方法。在看待一部翻译作品时,不能简单的考虑译者方面的因素,应认识到赞助人这一潜在因素对翻译活动的影响作用。     

浅论赞助人视角下的翻译活动

作为Andre Lefevere理论体系的重要组成部分,赞助人因素已经在翻译活动及研究过程中被越来越多的研究者所重视。Andre Lefevere认为,在翻译活动进行的过程中,赞助人发挥着举足轻重的作用并操控着翻译者的选材、翻译过程中所采用的策略和方法。在看待一部翻译作品时,不能简单的考虑译者方面的因素,应认识到赞助人这一潜在因素对翻译活动的影响作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.