基于GIS的层次分析法的应用

基于GIS的层次分析采用层次分析法的一般原理,针对相关复杂自然因素和社会因素的地理现象或过程,利用GIS的空间分类与空间分析功能,对研究目标的相关地学因素的隶属关系进行划分,并综合专家的意见,对地学模型进行层次分析.综合分析的步骤包括:确定研究对象及目标,确定分析所需要的数据;对数据进行分析整理,建立地学数据库;总结研究对象构成目标的相关特征,建立层次指标模型,并运用空间分析提取分析因子;由专家对因子综合评分,再运用GIS技术和数学方法进行综合分析,确定模型参数;利用建立的模型对研究区未知对象进行分析与验证.此外,针对湘东北万古地区金矿床成矿特征,综合运用层次分析法和GIS技术建立了金矿找矿模型,并时研究区进行了靶区预测.     

空间分析中GIS和空间语法理论的应用

运用GIS技术和空间语法论考察了新城市建设等城市计划中形成的土地利用变化和城市空间结构特征。以上世纪九十年代建设坪村新城市的安阳市设定为研究对象,分析了城市空间结构。特别是以公路网为中心,分析了城市空间结构和商业设施分布的相互关系,且查看了由大规模建筑区开发所引起的城市空间中心的移动。通过此项研究能综合运用空间语法论和GIS探索空间结构的特征,并把它应用于GIS所被利用的各种领域。     

国内外视觉景观影响评价综述

本文通过回顾国内外视觉景观影响评价的主要研究内容,分析美国三大风景资源管理系统、景观敏感度评价、景观阈值研究、分形理论及GIS计算机技术等方法的优缺点及借鉴意义,对视觉景观影响评价的主要研究趋势进行了展望.该领域的研究重点应放在敏感区域视觉景观影响评价及其方法上,从宏观和微观尺度充分考虑研究区域的整体视觉效果、空间属性、景观敏感点、不同景观之间的相容性及景观要素本身的特征等方面来确定评价指标,并结合分形理论及GIS技术等,建立定性与定量相结合的综合评价模型,为视觉景观资源管理、环境影响研究及城市空间形态塑造等提供一定的依据.     

快速城市化进程中村镇主体空间行为研究综述

以空间行为为主要研究对象的学科领域主要是人文地理学的两个重要分支学科--行为地理学和企业地理学.20世纪80年代以后西方人文地理学不断吸收人文社会科学中其他相关学科的研究观点,如经济学、社会学、政治学、制度分析等,用于对空间行为的相关研究,研究视角呈现出多元化特征.同时,国内近20年来围绕农户行为、乡镇企业空间行为、农村土地利用、农村人口流动等相关问题进行了较为丰富的理论与实证研究.在快速城市化背景下,对村镇主体的空间行为进行系统研究不仅能为我国新农村建设提供科学的微观依据,具有重要的理论与现实意义,同时,也将弥补学术界相关研究的不足,具有极强的创新价值.     

山西省非物质文化遗产旅游资源空间分布研究

以山西省902项非遗项目为研究对象,运用GIS空间分析功能,对非遗旅游资源空间分布特征进行了研究.结果表明:山西省非遗旅游资源空间分布不均衡,宏观上呈现出"大集聚,小分散"的分布特征,微观上具有邻近城市分布和邻近铁路、公路分布的特点,其中自然环境、历史发展进程、文化演化过程和社会经济发展是影响非遗资源分布的主要因素.     

西藏自治区人口空间分布模式研究

人口的空间分异是区域差异的客观反映,探讨区域人口空间分布规律是产业合理布局、小城镇建设、资源优化配置等的理论基础,也是区域人口、资源与环境协调发展的基础性研究.该文将空间统计分析与GIS相结合,深入探讨了西藏人口空间分布模式.研究表明,西藏人口空间分布呈现西北—东南模式,存在显著的空间集聚现象,四种类型的空间关联在空间分布上具有明显的规律性.利用空间统计分析方法能够扩展和加强GIS的空间分析功能,从而更深入地探索、分析、处理和解释人口分布的空间模式与空间关联,为进一步研究空间模式的发生尺度和塑造该模式的空间过程奠定基础.     

地理信息系统中制图综合问题的探讨

地理信息综合功能的研究和开发是当前GIS进步与应用发展所面临的一个新的挑战。由于GIS技术和应用迅速发展。所处理的问题也更加复杂化,这使得GIS中地理信息的有效利用和表达问题显得越来越突出,人们对GIS数据库的要求也由微观的、较为详细地描述小区域地理现象特征转向宏观的、较为概括地描述较大范围地理现象特征。因此,人们不得不开始关注GIS中地理信息综合功能,文中对GIS下的制图综合的影响因素及制图综合所遵循原则方法等方面进行了探讨。     

GIS与空间句法的集成及空间形态结构量化分析——以南京师范大学仙林校区为例

空间句法从空间认知角度定量描述城市结构形态,GIS具有卓越的数据分析功能和高效的地理建模能力,两者的结合将有利于增强GIS空间分析能力和深化空间句法在城市空间形态结构的量化研究.从功能和数据角度探讨GIS和空间句法的集成,并以南京师范大学仙林校区为例,剖析了校园空间结构布局特征,解析了形态结构组织.     

基于Voronoi图的明代长城军事防御聚落空间分布

基于明代长城军事防御聚落生成Voronoi图,采用变异系数、最邻近点指数以及GIS的密度制图和地理统计分析等方法,从宏观和微观层面,分析军事防御聚落的空间分布特征,证实其存在明确和复杂的层次结构,并进一步分析地理环境和战略地位对空间布局的影响.     

UML在关系型GIS空间数据库设计中的应用与研究

空间数据库是GIS系统的核心 ,如何将面向对象的理论和方法应用于空间数据库的分析、设计和实现的全过程 ,实现整个软件生命周期中从问题域到设计域的无缝转换 ,是相关应用领域中的一个十分重要的问题 UML (UnifiedModelingLanguage)是一种标准的、功能强大的面向对象建模语言 文章结合实例研究UML应用于GIS空间数据库的面向对象设计中的理论和技术 ,解决了系统从对象模型到关系模型的转换和空间矢量数据的关系化的面向对象描述和实现 在此基础上 ,通过对系统对象的设计来不断完善数据库的结构设计和功能设计 ,并取得了较好的效果     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.