己内酰胺插层有机膨润土复合材料的研制及其对甲基橙的吸附

以钠基膨润土为原料,用不同的表面活性剂进行有机改性,己内酰胺进行插层,制得插层有机膨润土复合材料.用分光光度法分析插层膨润土对染料废水的脱色性能,并探讨了反应温度、废水pH值、表面活性剂和插层剂的配比、振荡时间等因素对吸附性能的影响.结果表明:反应温度为70 ℃、废水pH值为6、插层剂和表面活性剂的配比为2∶1、振荡时间为1 h时,对甲基橙吸附率可达95.6%,对实际废水的脱色率达91.5%.     

羧甲基壳聚糖插层膨润土的制备、表征及其对有机染料的脱色性能(英文)

以钠基膨润土为原料制备O-羧甲基壳聚糖插层膨润土复合材料,该材料应用于有机染料废水的脱色.通过X-衍射(XRD)和红外吸收光谱(IR)表征插层膨润土的表面性质及组织构造,用分光光度法分析插层膨润土对有机染料的吸附性能,用重铬酸钾氧化法测试废水溶液处理前后的化学需氧量(COD).同时探讨表面活性剂和羧甲基壳聚糖加料顺序、配比对脱色性能的影响,并对不同有机染料的脱色性能进行比较.结果表明:羧甲基壳聚糖成功插入膨润土片层间,插层土对有机染料废水有良好的脱色性能,当表面活性剂和羧甲基壳聚糖为2∶1时,先加入表面活性剂反应一定时间再加入羧甲基壳聚糖所得的插层膨润土对甲基蓝和酸性蓝的脱色性能最优,脱色率可达99.5%.     

硅藻土/壳聚糖复合物对化工厂废水的净化性能研究

用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对硅藻土进行修饰,通过硅烷偶联剂改善硅藻土的片层结构,利用溶液插层法将硅藻土负载于壳聚糖上,制备出硅藻土/壳聚糖复合物.采用热重分析、红外光谱、X-射线衍射和透射电镜对硅藻土/壳聚糖复合物的热性能、形貌、结构进行表征.结果表明,壳聚糖与硅藻土形成了稳定的结构,增加了硅藻土的片层结构,有利于提高复合吸附剂的吸附性能.然后以制备的复合物为吸附剂,研究了温度、时间和用量对亚甲基蓝、大豆油、苯乙酮以及Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附影响.另外,对比了壳聚糖、硅藻土和复合吸附剂对化工厂废液的处理能力.结果显示,复合吸附剂的吸附性能优于单一组分的吸附剂,且复合吸附剂对上述化工厂多组分污染物的最大吸附率分别为90.6%、83.2%、73.1%和86.7%.     

插层膨润土复合材料对酸性蓝吸附性能研究

研究插层膨润土复合材料对酸性蓝的脱色性能,讨论有机膨润土与插层剂羧甲基壳聚糖的质量比、插层反应温度、烘干温度及吸附时间对吸附性能的影响.实验表明:当有机膨润土与插层剂加料比为15:1、70℃反应2 h、烘干温度80℃,所制得插层膨润土复合材料对酸性蓝吸附90 min时,吸附率可达93%.     

己内酰胺插层膨润土的研制及其性能

以钠基膨润土为躯体、己内酰胺为插层剂制得插层有机膨润土复合材料.用X-衍射(XRD)和红外吸收光谱(IR)及高扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征插层膨润土的表面性质及组织构造;用分光光度法分析插层膨润土对有机染料的吸附性能.结果表明:己内酰胺成功插入膨润土片层间,插层土对染料废水的脱色率可达96.3%,对COD的去除率达到78%以上.     

壳聚糖改性膨润土

将壳聚糖与膨润土相结合，研制出一种复合吸附剂。阐述了壳聚糖与膨润土相结合的机理。将复合吸附荆应用于染料溶液的脱色、陈醋的澄清、中药注射液中鞣酸的清除等方面。脱色率为97％，鞣酸脱除率为50％，陈醋的透光率为25．8％。通过X-射线衍射实验研究了改性膨润土的结构和改性机理，结果表明膨润土的片状层结构未发生变化，壳聚糖仅仅吸附在膨润土的内外表面。     

石墨烯改性有机膨润土吸附性能及其动力学

为提高有机膨润土的吸附性能,采用微波合成法,以石墨烯对有机膨润土进行改性,制备一种吸附效果好且回收效率高的新型石墨烯改性有机膨润土复合材料,研究其结构和吸附性能,探讨新吸附材料的作用机理。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱和X射线衍射对有机膨润土及石墨烯改性有机膨润土进行表征,并将其用于水中腐殖酸的吸附。结果表明：石墨烯与有机膨润土均匀复合,有机膨润土的层间距由1.37 nm增大至2.68 nm;当温度为25℃、pH值为6、吸附剂的用量为5 g·L-1及吸附时间为1 h时,溶液中腐殖酸的去除率达到95.52%;石墨烯改性有机膨润土对腐殖酸的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型和准二级动力学模型,最大理论吸附量为52.08 mg·g-1,且为放热反应。利用0.1 mol·L-1 NaOH溶液对石墨烯改性有机膨润土进行解吸再生,5次再生后其对腐殖酸的去除率为86.3%。     

膨润土负载壳聚糖处理含镉废水的实验研究

以脱乙酰度为90%壳聚糖为原料,制备膨润土负载壳聚糖复合吸附剂,用于吸附含镉废水溶液中的Cd2+.探讨壳聚糖负载量、pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂加入量、Cd2+初始质量浓度对去除率的影响.结果表明,对于初始质量浓度为10mg/L的含镉模拟废水溶液,在膨润土与壳聚糖质量比为1∶0.03,加入量为8g/L,pH=6,吸附时间为50min的条件下,Cd2+的去除率在94%以上.该吸附剂经再生处理后可循环使用4次.     

Al3+改性膨润土负载壳聚糖对活性艳橙的吸附研究

探讨了Al3+改性膨润土负载壳聚糖复合吸附剂的制备及用其吸附处理活性艳橙的工艺条件.研究结果表明:膨润土在Al3+为10.0g.L、搅拌2 h的改性条件下吸附性能和过滤性能显著提高;当负载量为0.03g/g、复合吸附剂质量为5.0 g/L在最佳条件下即pH为6、温度为25℃、转速为150 r/min恒温振荡45 min对初始质量浓度为9.47 g/L的活性艳橙的脱色率达92%以上;复合吸附剂对活性艳橙的吸附符合朗缪尔(Langmuir)吸附等温式.     

渗透膜包裹膨润土吸附剂吸附苯酚(英文)

用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性天然膨润土,得到有机改性的膨润土.有机改性膨润土是一种粒径很细的粉末,由于产生难于分离的活性淤泥,很难应用于含酚废水的工业化处理.为了获得能够应用于固定床吸附的膨润土吸附剂,将粉末状有机改性膨润土加入渗透膜聚合物溶液中,渗透膜聚合物在有机改性膨润土表面形成一种能够让苯酚分子通过的渗透膜,得到新型球状膨润土颗粒吸附剂.研究了新型吸附剂吸附苯酚的动力学行为,结果表明其吸附动力学行为符合准二级动力学速率方程.采用间歇吸附实验获得了新型吸附剂吸附苯酚的等温线.结果表明,吸附等温线很好的符合兰缪尔模型和佛兰德利希模型.这种新型吸附剂对于苯酚具有很高的吸附容量,其最大吸附容量为32 mg g-1,与天然膨润土相比,这种球状膨润土吸附剂对苯酚的吸附非常好.结果表明这种球状膨润土吸附对于含酚工业废水来说是一种优良的吸附剂.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.