聚合物/层状无机物纳米复合材料研究进展

从聚合物/层状无机物纳米复合材料的类型和制备方法、结构与性能表征等方面,总结了聚合物/层状无机物纳米复合材料的研究进展.利用插层复合原理制备各种聚合物/层状无机物纳米复合材料,赋予材料独特的结构,更优异的力学,热学,电、磁和光学及其气体阻隔性能,具有重要的科学意义和应用前景.     

石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料研究进展

 石墨烯是由单层碳原子通过共价键结合形成的二维片层状结构,是一种新型碳类纳米材料,具有优异的力学、电学和热学等性能,被认为是一种非常有前景的材料,近年来广泛用于改性各种聚合物。本文回顾了石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料的制备方法、性能和应用现状;综述了石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料的强度、刚度、韧性、电学和热学等性能的研究进展。主要内容包括石墨烯改性聚合物常见的3种制备方法(溶液共混、熔融共混和原位聚合)及其对石墨烯在聚合物基体中分散性的影响,石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料力学性能变化规律与作用机理,石墨烯微观结构等因素对材料热学性能以及导电阈值的影响等;讨论了石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料的潜在应用和面临的挑战和机遇,并展望了其低成本产业化的发展前景。     

聚吡咯纳米复合材料的研究进展

导电聚吡咯具有合成方便、电导率可调、易聚合等优点,而且具有特殊的光、电、热等性能,在导电聚合物中最具应用潜力。聚吡咯纳米复合材料是近年来出现的一种新型纳米材料,它既保留了聚吡咯的原有特性,还赋予了与之复合的材料的性能,成为许多前沿科研领域的重要研究方向。本文介绍了聚吡咯纳米复合材料的最新研究进展,综述了复合材料的主要类别及应用领域,并对聚吡咯复合材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

聚合物／层状无机物纳米复合材料研究进展

从聚合物／层状无机物纳米复合材料的类型和制备方法、结构与性能表征等方面,总结了聚合物／层状无机物纳米复合材料的研究进展。利用插层复合原理制备各种聚合物／层状无机物纳米复合材料,赋予材料独特的结构,更优异的力学,热学,电磁和光学及其气体阻隔性能,具有重要的科学意义和应用前景。     

聚合物基纳米复合材料的制备方法及其性能

聚合物基纳米复合材料PNC以其宏观复合材料无法替代的优势日益获得学术界和企业界的青睐。材料在纳米尺度上的复合，将产生高性能化和功能化。这里着重分析和讨论了聚合物基纳米复合材料的制备方法以及材料的优异性能。     

电纺碳纳米纤维短纤增强的高介电常数聚酰亚胺复合材料

通过碳化电纺纳米纤维研磨和超声破碎制备碳纳米纤维短纤(SCNFs),并用作填料制备碳纳米纤维短纤/聚酰亚胺(SCNFs/PI)复合材料.研究了SCNFs/PI复合材料的介电性能和力学性能.结果表明:SCNFs既对这种复合材料的机械性能具有显著的改善,也是制备高介电常数复合材料的良好导电填料.与纯PI相比,含 SCNFs质量分数为1%复合材料的抗拉伸强度提升了 39.43%; 同时,这个复合材料也显示了一个质量分数为4%的SCNFs低渗流阈值,此时的介电常数为60.79@100 Hz.这些电纺碳纳米纤维短纤增强的PI复合材料有望作为高性能介电材料在现代电子器件行业中得到良好应用.     

CB/ABS导电复合材料导电性能的影响因素

对高分子聚合物ABS进行纳米碳黑填充改性及其导电高分子材料的导电机理进行了研究.实验结果表明:采用特殊工艺合成的CB/ABS纳米复合材料具有优良的导电性能.合成样品的表面电阻和体积电阻率可降到104Ω和102Ω.m以下.CB/ABS纳米复合材料的电导性能很大程度上受基体材料ABS的主链结构、对纳米添加剂、分散剂和偶联剂的影响,这些因素决定着合成复合材料中"葡萄状"导电网络的形成过程.     

纳米粘土/聚合物复合材料的制备

纳米粘土 /聚合物复合材料因其具有优异的性能是目前材料科学研究的热点 .简要回顾了纳米粘土 /聚合物复合材料研究的发展概况 ;以蒙脱土和高岭土为例 ,介绍了纳米粘土 /聚合物复合材料的制备方法和原理 ;并从热力学角度对插层复合过程进行了分析 ,在此基础上提出了影响插层反应的因素及插层剂的选择原则 .     

模板电化学合成纳米材料的研究进展

模板电化学合成是一种简单直接地制备纳米材料的有效方法。介绍几种常用的模板材料、国内外模板电化学沉积在制备功能纳米材料上的应用,综述了模板电化学制备纳米线阵列、纳米管、纳米导电聚合物以及纳米核壳结构材料的研究进展。制备新型复合纳米结构有序阵列、开展纳米器件的研制是模板合成研究领域的重要方向,这样的有序阵列在光学、磁学、催化及电化学等领域有着重要的应用前景。     

聚合物/蒙脱石纳米复合材料的研究现状与发展前景

对近十年来聚合物／蒙脱石纳米复合材料研究进展和现状进行总结，对几种主要的聚合物基纳米复合材料从制备机理、制备方法，对材料的性能改善以及应用开发前景进行了归纳。针对聚合物／蒙脱石纳米复合材料的插层复合、原位聚合等制备方法进行了详细论述。     

Hyperbranched Organometallic Polyynes ：Optical and Thermal Properties and Their Transformation into Soft Ferromagnetic Ceramics

1 Introduction Organometallic polymers have emerged as a group of interesting materials due to their useful catalytic, optical, electrical, sensing, and magnetic properties inaccessible by their pure organic parents. It is therefore highly desirable to utilize this class of high performance macromolecules for the preparation of micro- and nanosized patterns by photolithographic techniques and as precursors for advanced ceramics~([1]).1IntroductionOrganometallic polymers have emerged as a group…     

金属-染料包覆共掺杂复合物的制备与热学特性

提出了一种基于包覆共掺杂结构金属纳米粒子偶氮染料复合物(MNPADC) 合成的新方法,可使偶氮染料甲基橙定向吸附于球形金属银纳米粒子表面形成染料对纳米粒子的包覆结构,再将具有该结构的掺杂剂掺于聚合物基质聚乙烯醇中,制备出MNPADC复合材料薄膜.紫外可见吸收光谱表明,该材料在波长为400~450 nm的波段具有良好的光吸收特性.热质量分析发现,其热学特性更适合于光存储的要求.实验结果表明,该材料的设计方法为改善有机光存储介质材料的热学性能提供了简便而有效的途径.     

Electric-field control of ferromagnetism

It is often assumed that it is not possible to alter the properties of magnetic materials once they have been prepared and put into use. For example, although magnetic materials are used in information technology to store trillions of bits (in the form of magnetization directions established by applying external magnetic fields), the properties of the magnetic medium itself remain unchanged on magnetization reversal. The ability to externally control the properties of magnetic materials would be highly desirable from fundamental and technological viewpoints, particularly in view of recent developments in magnetoelectronics and spintronics. In semiconductors, the conductivity can be varied by applying an electric field, but the electrical manipulation of magnetism has proved elusive. Here we demonstrate electric-field control of ferromagnetism in a thin-film semiconducting alloy, using an insulating-gate field-effect transistor structure. By applying electric fields, we are able to vary isothermally and reversibly the transition temperature of hole-induced ferromagnetism.     

Exchange-coupled nanocomposite magnets by nanoparticle self-assembly

Exchange-spring magnets are nanocomposites that are composed of magnetically hard and soft phases that interact by magnetic exchange coupling. Such systems are promising for advanced permanent magnetic applications, as they have a large energy product--the combination of permanent magnet field and magnetization--compared to traditional, single-phase materials. Conventional techniques, including melt-spinning, mechanical milling and sputtering, have been explored to prepare exchange-spring magnets. However, the requirement that both the hard and soft phases are controlled at the nanometre scale, to ensure efficient exchange coupling, has posed significant preparation challenges. Here we report the fabrication of exchange-coupled nanocomposites using nanoparticle self-assembly. In this approach, both FePt and Fe3O4 particles are incorporated as nanometre-scale building blocks into binary assemblies. Subsequent annealing converts the assembly into FePt-Fe3Pt nanocomposites, where FePt is a magnetically hard phase and Fe3Pt a soft phase. An optimum exchange coupling, and therefore an optimum energy product, can be obtained by independently tuning the size and composition of the individual building blocks. We have produced exchange-coupled isotropic FePt-Fe3Pt nanocomposites with an energy product of 20.1 MG Oe, which exceeds the theoretical limit of 13 MG Oe for non-exchange-coupled isotropic FePt by over 50 per cent.     

LLDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites produced from different crystallite sizes of TiO2 via in situ polymerization

Nano-TiO2 particles with a range of crystallite sizes were synthesized by a conventional sol-gel method,and then used as nanoparticle substrates in the synthesis of LLDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites via in situ polymerization of ethylene/1-hexene with zirconocene/MMAO catalyst.It was found that the size of the nano-TiO2 crystallite nanoparticles can influence the catalytic activity in the polymerization system.The larger nano-TiO2 crystallites provided better catalytic activity in the polymerization system due to more space for monomer attack.In addition,by thermo-gravimetric analysis,it can be seen that the larger nano-TiO2 crystallites also exhibited lower interaction with available MMAO.Consequently,the MMAO reacted more efficiently with the zirconocene catalyst during the activation process,and enhanced polymerization catalysis.All the polymer nanocomposites products did not have well defined melting temperature indicating non-crystalline polymers.This is due to the high amount of hexene incorporation(based on 13C NMR).The difference in crystallite sizes of the nano-TiO2 also affected how 1-hexene became incorporated into the polymer nanocomposites.The smaller crystallite size of nano-TiO2 allowed greater 1-hexene incorporation due to depression of the reactivity of the ethylene.The contribution of this work helps develop a better understanding of the role of nano-TiO2 in the catalytic activity of the polymerization system and in the microstructure of the polymer composite product.However,this study only considers work on the laboratory scale,so for commercial application of these results,it is necessary to scale up the polymerization process.It is only at this stage,that other physical properties,such as the mechanical properties of these materials can be sensibly determined.     

磁性纳米复合纤维及磁性纸的制备与性能研究

以云杉纤维为原料,采用原位复合方法制备纤维素/磁性纳米复合纤维。用X-射线衍射、FTIR、SEM、AFM对样品的结构进行表征,用SQUID测定样品的磁性能。结果表明,磁性粒子在云杉纤维上以表面复合为主,腔内复合较少,其晶体类型主要为-Fe2O3,粒径为20～100nm;磁性测定显示样品具有超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度Ms为14.7emu/g纤维。以不同方式将复合纤维添加到抄纸系统,制备了多层复合及磁性纳米复合纤维呈取向分布的磁性纸。与单独用磁性纤维抄造的纸相比,将磁性纤维与植物纤维配抄或抄造成多层复合纸后,纸页白度提高,强度性能显著改善,并具有较好的磁性能。     

磁性纳米粒子制备及其在印染厂污水处理中的应用

 选取聚合物包覆Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子作为超导磁分离污水处理工艺中的磁种,扩大超导磁分离技术在污水处理领域的应用范围。常温条件下合成Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS),高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对制备的磁性纳米粒子性质进行评价。结果发现,磁性纳米粒子直径在6～10nm,表面被含有羧基的聚合物分子链包覆,且在常温下磁性纳米粒子显示超顺磁性。随后以印染厂污水为对象,检验磁性纳米粒子对污水处理的能力。本研究主要比较污水处理前后的浊度和化学需氧量（COD值）,结果显示聚合物包裹Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子可有效去除印染厂废水中的污物。     

电磁分离技术制备过共晶Al-Si合金自生功能梯度材料

由于初生相与熔体的导电性差异，在通电熔体及外磁场作用下，初生相颗粒在熔体内受到某一方向的合力，从而在熔体中做有规律的运动．因此，适当地控制铸件凝固过程及初生相颗粒的移动速度，使初生相颗粒在铸件中呈现有规律分布，可以获得自生功能梯度材料．对初生相颗粒在熔体内受力及运动情况的分析结果表明：颗粒的大小、形状及浓度对颗粒的运动状态及速度都有很大的影响．用电磁分离技术成功制备了过共晶A1-25Si功能梯度材料试样，从试样一端到另一端初生Si颗粒的含量、尺寸和形状均呈现梯度的变化．     

单桥二茂铁番化合物的研究进展

单桥二茂铁番化合物（[n]ferrocenophane）是一类分子内架桥的二茂铁衍生物,张力结构的二茂铁番类化合物是开环聚合潜在的单体,能生成具有独特的氧化还原、电、光、磁等特性的金属有机聚合物．综述了单桥二茂铁番化合物的研究进展及结构特征,并对其主要的应用开环聚合（ROP）做简要介绍．