潜流人工湿地处理矿山废水的实验研究

以陕南某矿山废水为处理对象,利用水葱、野茭白、香蒲、李氏禾构建潜流人工湿地,研究了潜流人工湿地对矿山废水的处理效果。研究发现,所设计的潜流人工湿地运行13 d后,对Mn(Ⅱ)、COD、Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)初始浓度为229.8 mg/L、368.3 mg/L、28.6 mg/L、56.1 mg/L的矿山废水,A型潜流人工湿地末端出水口处Mn(Ⅱ)、COD、Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)的浓度依次为:3.17 mg/L、3.8 mg/L、0.47 mg/L,0.86 mg/L,B型潜流人工湿地末端出水口处Mn(Ⅱ)、COD、Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)的浓度依次为:4.25 mg/L、5.8 mg/L、0.96 mg/L和0.88 mg/L。不同的植物种植顺序对最终出水水质影响有限,但是各植物在处理过程中的贡献会因为种植顺序不同而受到极大影响。     

朝阳市污水处理厂调试及运行——悬挂链式曝气活性污泥法工程应用研究

1.工程概述 朝阳市污水处理厂是服务于朝阳市城区工业、生活污水排放的唯一的污水处理设施。工程于2006年11月破土动工,至2008年6月建成并投入设备调试及试运行.其平面规划按规范进行,绿化率为47%,环形道路,污水与污泥处理兼顾,常规分析化验仪器完备,是一个完整的污水处理系统。工程设计进水水质为：COD 480mg／L,BOD 5210mg／L,SS 250mg／L,NH3-N 30mg／L。磷酸盐（以P计）4．0mg／L．设计出水水质执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）一级标准的B标准：COD60mg／L,BOD520mg／L,SS20mg／L,NH3-N15mg／L,磷酸盐（以P计）1．5mg/L．     

水平潜流和垂直流人工湿地对生活污水净化效果的比较研究

本研究以竹炭和砾石为组合填料,开展了水平潜流人工湿地和垂直流人工湿地对生活污水净化效果的比较研究。结果表明,水平潜流人工湿地对生活污水中COD、总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别为72．2％、47．8％和59．8％,垂直流人工湿地分别为75．0％、48．1％和58．2％。两种人工湿地中COD去除率均随水力停留时间（HRT）的增加而提高,而总氮和总磷去除率分别在HRT=3．5d和HRT=2d最高。不同人工湿地中细菌数量为水平潜流湿地稍高于垂直流湿地,根区高于非根区,而真菌数量则相反,且细菌和真菌的数量均随着HRT的增加而增加。     

重污染河道水解酸化-人工湿地修复工艺技术

目的探寻适合改善我国北方地区重污染河道的一种实用技术,提出水解酸化-人工湿地处理工艺,达到改善其水质的目的.方法分析辽宁省白塔堡河流受污染状况,采用水解酸化预处理,经预曝气装置进行充氧,然后污水经人工潜流湿地进行深度处理的"水解酸化-预曝气-人工湿地"组合工艺对水体水质进行改善.结果白塔堡河污水采用水解酸化-人工湿地技术处理后,出水CODCr、BOD5、TP、TN、NH3-N和SS的质量浓度分别为20~30 mg/L、5.5~14 mg/L、0.11~0.47 mg/L、14~24 mg/L、2.3~7.6 mg/L和8~16 mg/L.系统对CODCr、BOD5、TP、TN、NH3-N和SS的去除率分别为75%~90%、90%~95%、90%~97%、50%~67%、76%~91%和79%~90%.结论水解酸化-预曝气-人工湿地技术处理白塔堡河污水能够取得良好的效果,出水水质中除ρ(TN)和ρ(NH3-N)较高外,CODCr、BOD5和TP的平均出水质量浓度均达到了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)中的Ⅴ类标准.     

A2/O生物膜与人工湿地处理村落污水中试研究

针对云南省九大高原湖泊沿湖村落面源污染问题,提出A2/O生物膜反应器与潜流人工湿地组合工艺处理村落生活污水中试研究。实验条件:温度为(15—20)℃。组合填料投配比为75%,一段好氧仓1、2和二段好氧仓3的水力停留时间分别为8.6 h、4.3 h,溶解氧浓度分别为2.5 mg/L、1.8 mg/L,潜流人工湿地系统孔隙率40%,水力停留时间1.6 d。稳定运行两个月的结果表明:脱氮除磷效果及对有机物的去除效果均稳定而良好,出水COD、BOD、NH3-N、TN和TP平均浓度分别为34.09、9.17、2.72、12.33和0.46 mg/L,均达到了GB 18918—2002一级A排放标准。     

水解酸化＋UCT＋混凝处理生活污水运行效果分析

介绍了采用水解酸化＋UCT＋混凝＋消毒工艺处理生活污水的设计及调试运行实例。结果表明,该工艺能有效去除污水中的污染物,在进水COD为415mg／L,BOD5为203mg／L,SS为311mg／L,NH3-N为36mg／L,TN为44mg／L,TP为4．3mg／L时,出水COD为24mg／L,BOD5为8mg／L,SS为6mg／L,NH3-N为4mg／L,TN为10mg／L,TP为0．3mg／L,去除率分别可达到94．2％、96．1％、98．1％、88．9％、77．3％、93％,出水水质稳定,并达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918—2002）一级标准中的A类标准。同时对运行过程中存在的问题进行了分析,并给出了相应的解决方法。该项工程为城市生活污水处理的设计及调试提供了参考。     

水葫芦水鳖人工湿地对城市生活污水的净化研究

人工湿地对城市生活污水具有较好的净化效果.本实验对比分析了夏季、秋季和冬季气候条件下以浮水植物水葫芦、水鳖为主体的人工湿地对城市生活污水中COD和BOD5的去除效果.实验结果表明,这类人工湿地在种植第一年的秋季和冬季对污水中COD的去除效果分别为50.7％和28.0％,相应的BOD5去除效果分别为74.3％和25.0％;在种植第二年的夏季、秋季和冬季,人工湿地对污水中COD的去除效果分别为63.0％,61.7％和20.0％,而相应的BOD5去除效果分别为78.0％,76.4％和74.5％.实验表明季节温度对人工湿地处理COD效果具有一定的影响.本文对人工湿地处理生活废水具有重要的参考价值.     

基于Petri网与BAT的造纸行业排放限值仿真

以OPMSE仿真计算造纸污水中COD,BOD5,NH3-N排放质量浓度为研究对象,查询及调研清河流域典型造纸行业产生的污水中COD,BOD5,NH3-N质量浓度范围,通过OPM SE仿真计算,结果表明:置信水平为99%时,COD置信区间为(34.09,41.84),BOD5置信区间为(6.65,8.40),NH3-N置信区间为(6.28,7.34);最佳出水各指标为ρ(COD)=12.79 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)=2.62 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)=3.33 mg/L,最差出水各指标为ρ(COD)=70.47 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)=14.51 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)=10.22 mg/L.将仿真结果与现有排放标准对比,拟定造纸行业的污染物直接排放限值为ρ(COD)=45 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)=9 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)=8 mg/L.     

人工快速渗滤系统处理深圳市茅洲河水的试验研究

针对传统污水快速渗滤土地处理系统水力负荷低，占地面积大的弱点，提出了采用渗透性能良好的天然砂作为主要渗滤介质建立人工快速渗滤系统的试验方案，并以受污染河水为研究对象进行了为期一年的现场试验研究。结果表明，在1．5m／d的水力负荷条件下，人工快速渗滤系统对污染河水具有较好的污染物去除效果，其对SS、CODcr、BOD5、NH3-N、T—P和LAS的平均去除率分别为89．51％、77．82％、85．33％、98．28％、60．19％和94．25％；处理出水中SS、CODcr、BOD5、NH3=N和LAS的平均浓度分别为2．5mg／L、15．7mg／L、2．89mg／L、0．32mg／L、0．86mg／L和0．05mg／L。     

人工湿地深度处理造纸污水尾水的工程应用

采用人工湿地工艺处理造纸污水二级生化处理厂出水(尾水),工程结果表明:COD平均进水质量浓度为150 mg/L,SS平均进水质量浓度为50 mg/L,经过处理后,出水COD、SS分别为90、20 mg/L,满足《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB3544-2008).人工湿地深度处理造纸污水尾水,运行费用低,充分利用当地闲置的土地资源,具有一定的可行性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to