基于深度学习的医学图像配准研究进展

图像配准是图像引导手术、图像融合、器官图谱生成、肿瘤和骨骼生长监测等临床任务应用的关键技术,也是一个极具挑战性的问题。近年来,深度学习技术对医学图像处理方法的研究产生重要的影响,在医学图像配准领域发展迅速。对使用深度学习技术实现医学图像配准的研究进行综述,首先按照深度学习模型将医学图像配准方法分为3类,包括监督、弱监督和无监督医学图像配准;然后分别介绍国内外研究进展,并总结这些研究方法的优缺点;在此基础上,阐述常用的深度学习配准框架以及评价标准,并总结常用的开源医学影像数据集;最后对深度学习技术在医学配准图像领域中存在的问题进行分析,展望未来发展的方向。     

一种新的基于投影矩的三维图像配准方法

提出一种投影矩的概念，并将其用于三维医学图像的配准．与传统的几何矩相比，投影矩不仅可以完各地描述图像的特征，而且计算量较小，因而可以将其用于三维图像的实时配准．选取待配准的2幅三维图像若干阶投影矩差的平方和为目标函数，采用Powell方法求取最优解，得到配准结果．将方法应用于一些模拟和实际数据，获得了较高精度的实验结果；并且缩短了整个计算过程的时间．这表明投影矩在多模态医学图像的配准和融合等方面具有潜在的实用价值．     

一种改进的多模图像自动配准方法

针对目前不同尺寸的多模态图像自动配准方法存在速度较慢的问题,提出一种改进的多模态图像的自动配准方法。对两幅不同尺寸的多模态图像进行小波变换,以分解后得到的概貌图像为待配准图像,以对齐度为适应度函数,利用遗传算法进行迭代搜索,寻找两幅多模态图像的最佳配准位置。实验结果表明,该方法能实现不同尺寸的多模态图像的自动配准,速度较快,准确性高,鲁棒性强。     

模糊规则自适应学习的弹性图像配准

针对弹性图像配准的特点和挑战，基于模糊逻辑推理规则构建了一个具有自适应功能的弹性变换模型．进一步地，提出了一种具有自适应学习功能的自动弹性图像配准方法．通过对医学图像进行配准试验来测试其性能，提出的新弹性图像配准算法显示出了很好的性能．     

基于医学图像配准方法的研究

本文对医学图像的配准方法进行了研究,分析了刚性配准和非刚性配准方法的主要区别和适用范围,并分别对图像进行了两种方法的配准。     

基于粒子群优化算法的多模态医学图像刚性配准

提出了一种基于轮廓特征点及利用PSO(粒子群优化)求解多模态医学图像自动配准新方法．首先采用数学形态学中腐蚀和膨胀算法对图像进行预处理,用区域生长法提取图像的边缘;再用subtractive聚类算法提取出轮廓特征点,将两个特征点集的均方根极小值作为配准准则,然后用PSO算法求解空间变换参数．该算法适用于多模态医学图像配准,与其他算法相比,PSO算法具有操作方便、可靠性好、不易陷入局部极值等优点。     

医学图像配准方法分类及现状

医学图像配准是医学图像融合的前提，是目前医学图像处理中的热点，具有重要的临床诊断和治疗价值。依据7个标准对医学图像配准方法进行了分类，然后从3个方面综述了目前的一些主要的医学图像配准方法，如矩和主轴法、互信息法和相关法等。由于医学图像配准是一项比较复杂和困难的课题，尽管目前已提出许多算法，但并没有一种配准方法能在各个方面都达到理想要求，因此不得不在精确度、速度、自动化程度等方面加以取舍。随着计算机技术和医学成像技术的发展，医学图像的配准技术也一定会得到快速发展。     

一种准自动多传感器图像配准方法

针对现有多传感器自动配准方法存在的应用局限性，提出了一种人机交互式粗—精结合的准自动配准方法．先选取少量控制点进行粗匹配，在此基础上利用整体图像信息进行精匹配．该方法将基于特征和基于区域的配准方法进行了有效结合，从而保证了配准的精度和效率，取得了令人满意的效果．此方法可以作为现有的自动配准方法的补充．     

弹性的二维医学图像配准算法

提出了一个弹性二维医学图像配准算法,该算法将基于像素浓度值配准算法和基于特征点的配准算法相结合,采用自动的特征点定位算法,使用薄板样条算法来提高配准的精度,从而可以对二维医学图像进行自动、准确的配准。首先,用基于像素浓度值的全局仿射配准实现对鲁棒配准的初始估计;然后,通过使用基于特征点的迭代配准算法,使得全局仿射配准结果在第2步配准算法中得到进一步的细化而使其配准结果具有更高的准确性。对二维PHANTOM图像的实验结果表明,该算法具有鲁棒性。     

医学图像配准技术及实现概况

随着各种医学成像设备在临床中的大量应用，医学图像配准在诊断和疗效评价等方面显示出了重要价值，逐渐成为医学图像处理领域的一个研究重点.我们对医学图像配准中的一些关键技术及主要方法进行了综述，比较了各种算法的特点及其应用场合，对医学图像配准的发展趋势进行了展望.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-