Riemann—Cartan R＋R^2引力场方程和能量动量张量

给出一有挠Ｒ＋Ｒ＾２型引力理论的Ｅｉｎｓｔｅｉｎ方程和Ｃａｒｔａｎ方程，由广义位移变换下引力场作用量的不变性导出能量动量的协变守恒律，并求得了引力场的能量动量张量和超势。     

Riemann－CartanR＋R~2引力场方程和能量动量张量

给出一有挠Ｒ＋Ｒ２型引力理论的Ｅｉｎｓｔｅｉｎ方程和Ｃａｒｔａｎ方程．由广义位移交换下引力场作用量的不变性导出能量动量的协变守恒律，并求得了引力场的能量动量张量和超势．     

一种定域洛伦兹规范协变的有挠时空引力理论(下)(英文)

本文建立了一种符合定域洛伦兹规范协变的有挠时空引力理论。它是爱因斯坦引力理论在有挠时空中的推广,它是考虑了物质自旋的引力理论。它消除了爱因斯坦引力理论与狄拉克电子理论之间的矛盾。本文中新的引力理论自然地要求:应该存在一种新的独立的第五种力场—自旋场。本文表明:(1)符合定域洛伦茨规范协变的有挠时空引力理论包括引力场运动方程和自旋场运动方程。(2)引力场运动方程与爱因斯坦理论一样包含能量动量运动定律。(3)自旋场运动方程包含角动量运动方程。(4)本文建立的引力场理论一定程度上等价于一种特殊的爱因斯坦-嘉当理论,因此我们称之为爱因斯坦-嘉当-唐理论(ECT理论)。本文的对应于黎曼-嘉当几何的挠率张量分解为标架场的微分和自旋场。(5)真实的物理时空应该是由引力场(标架场)和自旋场(标架仿射联络)描述的有挠时空,其时空几何是黎曼-嘉当几何。本文中,挠率张量表征引力场场强,曲率张量表征自旋场场强。     

一种定域洛伦兹规范协变的有挠时空引力理论

本文建立了一种符合定域洛伦兹规范协变的有挠时空引力理论。它是爱因斯坦引力理论在有挠时空中的推广,它是考虑了物质自旋的引力理论。它消除了爱因斯坦引力理论与狄拉克电子理论之间的矛盾。本文中新的引力理论自然地要求：应该存在一种新的独立的第五种力场-自旋场。本文表明：（1）符合定域洛伦茨规范协变的有挠时空引力理论包括引力场运动方程和自旋场运动方程;（2）引力场运动方程与爱因斯坦理论一样包含能量动量运动定律;（3）自旋场运动方程包含角动量运动方程;（4）本文建立的引力场理论一定程度上等价于一种特殊的爱因斯坦-嘉当理论,因此我们称之为爱因斯坦-嘉当-唐理论（ECT理论）。本文的对应于黎曼-嘉当几何的挠率张量分解为标架场的微分和自旋场;（5）真实的物理时空应该是由引力场（标架场）和自旋场（标架仿射联络）描述的有挠时空,其时空几何是黎曼-嘉当几何。本文中,挠率张量表征引力场场强,曲率张量表征自旋场场强。     

ECT自旋-引力场理论在黎曼背景时空下的表述和规范条件

ECT自旋-引力场理论(或称TFL自旋-引力场理论)是Einstein引力场理论在有挠弯曲时空中的推广理论,它消除了Einstein引力场理论与Dirac电子场理论之间的矛盾,其简化形式的ECT自旋-引力场理论有Einstein引力场理论极限,因此,它应是比Einstein引力场理论更加正确的引力理论.标准的ECT自旋-引力场理论认为自旋-引力场完全是一种有挠弯曲时空的几何结构,为了得到清晰的物理图像和对具体的引力问题进行分析,我们需要认为自旋-引力场也是一种在黎曼背景时空下的动力学场.本文将ECT自旋-引力场理论中的自旋-引力场看作是黎曼背景时空的几何结构及在黎曼背景时空下的动力学场的复合体,自旋-引力场在给定黎曼时空背景下的物理效应用动力学场描述.应用这种思想,我们建立了ECT自旋-引力场理论在黎曼背景时空下的表述,并且在黎曼背景下讨论了自旋场和引力场的规范条件.     

形式守恒量在物理学中的应用

作者通过摩擦谐振子的能量 ,说明了在物理学中形式守恒量的意义 .然后 ,根据经典引力场中守恒的龙格 -楞次 (Runge -Lense)矢量对斯瓦兹西德场为形式守恒量 ,用牛顿引力势的相对论修正项讨论了水星近日点进动 .最后 ,导出了带电粒子在假设的磁单极子场中作非有心力稳定运动的守恒矢量 ,并讨论了该矢量因电磁辐射而成为形式守恒量后对运动轨道的影响 .     

平移引力规范理论中的能量动量及其哈密顿表述

分析了平移引力规范理论中引力场的能量动量的变换特性,证明了引力场的能量动量可以表示为洛仑兹规范势的二次齐式因而在局域洛仑兹变换下不协变。另一方面,引力场的能量动量又可以表示为平移规范场强的二次齐式因而在广义坐标变换下协变。给出平移引力规范理论的一个新的简化的哈密顿表述,其约束代数与广义相对论的约束代数形式相同,从而证明了平移引力规范理论与广义相对论在哈密顿表述下的等价性。     

引力场方程的新标架形式及定域化的引力场能量动量张量

本文通过引入标架空间定叉了引力场场强张量和引力场拉格朗日密度,根据最小作用量原理导出了引力场运动方程的一种新的半度规形式(或称标架形式)及具有标架空间和坐标空间的双重协变的引力场能量动量张量.我们用这种定域化的能量表达式和球对称真空外部场席瓦兹希德解(当β1+β2=0,B3=0时)计算出在r≥R区域中的球对称引力场的总能量为E=MC2 1-√1-2GM/C2R/1+√1-2GM/C2R.它把爱因斯坦引力理论作为一个特例(满足条件β1=β2=β3=0)包含其中,是对爱因斯坦度规引力理论的重大发展.本文通过求解球对称真空外部场解得到以下结论:满足条件β1+β2=0,β3=0时的球对称真空外部场解就是席瓦兹希德外部解,基于球对称真空外部场解的任何检验Einstein引力场方程的实验验证都无法确定Einstein引力场方程是唯一正确的.最后根据粒子在引力场中的运动方程确定了待定常数的值为β1=2β,β2=β3=0.本文得到的引力理论与平移引力理论具有相同的形式.本文建立的引力理论采用的几何是黎曼几何,没有采用平移引力理论中的weitzenbock几何,并且对其中的能量问题和待定常数问题作了更深入的讨论.     

一种标——张量引力理论的引力波辐射

本文通过一种单位变换导出了文献[4]提出的标—张量引力理论方案的另一种表述形式,由此得到的引力场张量方程和守恒律完全类似广义相对论的Einstein方程和守恒律;变换后的标量场视为“物质场”,在张量方程中起着一种“引力源”的作用。应用变换后的理论表述研究引力辐射问题,其结果是引力场的总辐射强度为引力张量场和引力标量场的辐射强度之和。求出了引力张量场和引力标量场的辐射强度公式,详细地讨论了双星的引力波辐射。     

挠率几何与有挠引力

本文提出一种统一描述引力场、规范场及自旋自相互作用的纤维丛理论.它把现有的挠率概念包含在其中,如Cartan理论、Brans-Dicke理论、规范引力理论等.本文还给出了一种拉伸纤维的映射,它为进一步探讨挠率产生的几何机制和物理机制提供了新的研究方式.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.