白鹡鸰繁殖习性

2007-2009年,在蟒河保护区对白鹡鸰的繁殖习性进行了观察.结果表明,该鸟每年3月上旬迁入该区,10月下旬迁离.5月营巢,巢营好后即开始产卵,窝卵数4～5枚.孵化期12～13天,孵化率为100%.巢内育雏期15天.在该区全年的种群密度为2.5只/km.     

白鹡鸰的繁殖习性

2007-2009年,在蟒河保护区对白鹡鸰的繁殖习性进行了观察.结果表明,该鸟每年3月上旬迁入该区,10月下旬迁离.5月营巢,巢营好后即开始产卵,窝卵数4～5枚.孵化期12～13天,孵化率为100%.巢内育雏期15天.在该区全年的种群密度为2.5只/km.     

虎纹蛙（Rana tigerina rugulosa）的食性与繁殖习性的研究

本文研究报道虎纹蛙（ＲａｎａｔｉｇｅｒｉｎａｒｕｇｕｌｏｓａＷｉｅｇｍａｎｎ）的生态习性特点．该蛙性凶猛，蝌蚪以活的小动物为主食，也会互相残杀，成体则喜吃昆虫和蟛蜞；繁殖期为４～８月，高峰期为４月下旬～５月中旬；属于一年多次产卵类型；卵群形态为小片状，沿着水域的岸边分布；个体发育迅速，春末夏初产卵发育而成的雄蛙，在当年冬眠之前可达性成熟．     

树栖型苍鹭生态习性研究

1998、1999年2月-10月,在辽宁省朝阳县对苍鹭的生态习性进行观察研究．该鸟在辽宁省为夏候鸟,每年最早2月26日迁来,最晚9月28日迁离,居留期210天左右．产卵始期为3月21日,隔日一枚,窝卵数5枚-7枚．产出第1枚卵后开始孵化,孵化期24天-26天,孵化率92．3％．幼鸟为晚成鸟,育雏期40天左右．     

戈壁琵甲(鞘翅目:拟步甲科)生物学特性的研究

戈壁琵甲2年发生1代，世代不整齐，以成虫和不同龄期的幼虫越冬，成虫4月上旬至9月下旬产卵，卵期为8～12d．幼虫一般为12龄．幼虫期为1～1．5a．越冬幼虫于次年6月下旬至9月上旬化蛹．蛹前期为40～45d，蛹期为12～20d．羽化成虫后经280～300d性成熟，开始交配产卵，戈壁琵甲食性杂．不喜光．活动有明显的节律性．成虫具有利用防御腺进行自卫的特性，其防御腺分泌物可成为医学上的天然药物，该幼虫各项营养成分较高，是一种很有开发价值的昆虫资源。     

蝈蝈的研究

蝈蝈为一欣赏娱乐昆虫,主要捕食昆虫,食量非常大。在害虫生物防治中,以虫治虫有着一定的应用前景。一年发生一代,以滞育卵越冬,翌年4月下旬至6月中旬孵化为若虫,若虫经5龄,1龄期23～11d,2龄13～8d,3龄12～6d,4龄8～6d,5龄11～10d。6月下旬至8月中旬羽化为成虫,卵量264.5±44.98粒。成虫寿命82.44±7.63d。雄虫能发声,声音淳美响亮。饲养蝈蝈的笼子和葫芦已发展成精美的工艺品。人工可以大量养殖蝈蝈。     

汉中市今春两次“倒春寒”天气对农业生产影响的调查分析

一 今春“倒春寒”概况 1、汉中市今年3月12-14日出现了一次明显“倒春寒”天气过程，日平均气温在前期15．6度的情况下猛降到2．6—3．8℃，最大降温幅度达13℃。这三天平川最低气温达到-0．6～0．3℃，山区达到-5～-7℃。伴随这次强降温，各县区还出现了连续两天的中到大雪，积雪厚度大都在2～5厘米。     

宁夏苍鹭和夜鹭的数量及生态研究

作者于１９８５～１９９０年在宁夏银川、卫宁平原等地用５年时间对苍鹭、夜鹭的数量和生态进行了调查研究。结果表明：苍鹭和夜鹭在宁夏为夏侯鸟，由于繁殖地减少、过度猎捕、环境污染而数量锐减，成为稀有鸟．苍鹭三月下旬开始营巢，产卵３～５枚，孵化期约２６天，育雏期６５天。夜鹭四月上旬开始营巢，产卵４～６枚，孵化期约２７天，育雏期６０天，苍鹭和夜鹭混合营巢，营巢、孵化、育雏均由双鸟共同承担．     

绢粉蝶的形态特征与生物学特性

通过野外调查,观察记录食叶害虫绢粉蝶Aporia crataegi(Linnaeus)的生长发育过程和行为习性,明确绢粉蝶的形态及生物学特性.绢粉蝶在宁夏银川地区1 a发生1代,以2～3龄幼虫聚集在叶囊内越冬;3月下旬,越冬代幼虫开始出蛰活动;4月中下旬幼虫进入老熟期,在寄主枝干上或者杂草堆里化蛹,蛹期近14 d; 5月初开始羽化,成虫5月中旬开始产卵,下旬出现第一代幼虫,7月中旬后进入越夏.     

野生扭角羚繁殖习性的研究

对四川唐家河国家顷自然保护区野生扭角羚，四川亚种的繁殖习性进行了研究，结果表明：雄性扭角羚个体大，角粗壮；雄性性成熟年龄为４．５岁，雄性为５．５岁，雌性最大繁殖年龄为１７岁，发情交配起上期为７月初到９月初，高峰期为７月下旬到８月中旬，产仔期为次年１－４月，孕期８－９个月，每胎１仔；繁群分成孤独危难腐朽 ，一雄一雌群，成雄群，一雄多雌群，混全群等几个群体。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the