670t／h褐煤锅炉燃烧调整试验分析及优化运行

针对大庆油田热电厂#2锅炉运行中锅炉排烟温度,灰渣、飞灰含碳量偏高,从而导致锅炉效率有所下降。为了提高锅炉运行经济性,找到影响锅炉效率的主要因素,寻求合理的运行方式,对#2炉的锅炉排烟温度、锅炉排烟氧量进行了标定,对灰渣成分进行测试,同时进行制粉系统优化调整、煤粉细度调整、磨煤机出口温度调节、二次风挡板优化调整、锅炉变氧量等单因素的优化调整及测量,分析五种因素下对锅炉效率的影响,并给出了在锅炉额定工况下的优化运行方式。     

浅谈降低锅炉炉渣飞灰含碳量措施

炉渣飞灰含碳量一直为影响锅炉效率的重要因素之一,也是锅炉运行调整中的难点。该文研究锅炉炉渣飞灰含碳量高低对锅炉燃烧效率的影响,剖析其影响因素,探索降低锅炉炉渣飞灰含碳量的有效措施,并通过对600MW超临界锅炉实践,发现影响锅炉炉渣飞灰含碳量的6个主要因素:一次风压、煤粉分离器调整、配煤掺烧、磨组运行情况、配风方式和磨煤机调整。在实践过程中通过运行分析探索出一系列有效措施,譬如,对几台磨煤机煤粉分离器进行优化,加强一次风压调整跟踪管理,合理控制不同煤种的掺烧配比,对运行磨组匹配优化。在保证安全的情况下,积极、主动地探索提高锅炉效率措施,实现了可观的经济效益。     

浅析锅炉飞灰含碳量偏高的成因及解决方案

飞灰含碳量为影响锅炉效率的重要因素之一。本文针对我厂锅炉飞灰含碳量偏高的实际情况,分别从入炉煤的着火、燃烧以及燃烬实际过程的多方面进行分析,查找影响飞灰含碳量高的因素主要有:煤粉细度、一次风速、磨煤机出口风粉混合物温度、配风方式、磨煤机运行方式、负荷及煤种变化等,并针对以上影响因素,提出合理应对方案。通过精心运行调整,降低飞灰含碳量,取得明显成效。     

2070t/h超临界对冲火焰锅炉飞灰含碳量偏高原因分析

针对湖南某电厂2 070t/h超临界对冲火焰锅炉燃用运行煤种出现的飞灰含碳量偏高的现象,对其锅炉进行了热态调整试验,研究了炉膛氧量、负荷、燃尽风量和煤粉细度的变化对飞灰含碳量的影响。研究结果表明,炉膛氧量、负荷、燃尽风量和煤粉细度的变化对飞灰含碳量有较大影响。负荷增加、煤粉细度减小,飞灰含碳量降低;燃尽风量和炉膛氧量过低或过高都会使飞灰含碳量升高,运行中炉膛氧量和燃尽风量存在一个最佳值;而且,燃尽风对飞灰含碳量的影响与负荷有关。依此对该锅炉运行进行优化调整,使飞灰含碳量降低到4.5%以下。     

浅谈锅炉飞灰含碳量成因及降低措施

锅炉飞灰含碳量是影响锅炉运行效率的重要因素，对机组总体性能也有着很大的影响。本文就锅炉飞灰含碳量的成因进行分析，并提出改善措施，有利于指导运行人员及时进行锅炉燃烧和制粉系统的调整，提高锅炉燃烧效率及控制水平，降低发电煤耗，提高竞价上网能力。     

电站锅炉燃用无烟煤及劣质煤燃烧稳定的试验研究

为了找到一套适合锅炉燃烧特性的较为理想的燃烧工况,首先针对锅炉存在的缺陷进行设备的维修,然后对锅炉燃烧进行优化调整,通过对燃用煤的合理配比;对一次风总风压(或一次风速)的调整和二次风配风方式调整;限定下层给粉机的转速,使得锅炉的燃烧过程得到优化,得到一套适合于锅炉燃烧特性的较为理想的燃烧工况。通过燃烧优化调整,锅炉的热效率比以前有较大幅度的提高。     

循环流化床锅炉炉膛内气体浓度的分布

循环流化床锅炉炉膛中气体组分反映了燃烧过程，影响了燃烧效率和脱硫效率．采用自行研制开发的水冷探针，对循环流化床锅炉炉膛中气体浓度分布进行了热态测试．测试结果表明，不同操作条件下沿炉膛轴向和径向气体浓度存在差异，高循环流率循环流化床锅炉存在严重的混合问题，在循环流化床锅炉燃烧室中心区存在三角形的贫氧区．二次风的穿透力直接影响到燃烧效率．增加二次风速可以使混合问题得到改善，飞灰含碳量下降．     

锅炉飞灰含碳量监测的必要性及其技术的发展

机械不完全燃烧热损失是锅炉运行中的第二大热损失,机械不完全燃烧热损失主要由锅炉飞灰含碳量决定。锅炉飞灰含碳量是反映锅炉燃烧效率的一项重要指标,实时、准确地对飞灰含碳量进行检测是提高锅炉运行效率、降低发电成本的重要手段。通过对国内某电厂的飞灰含碳量的实际测量结果,从经济性和环保角度对目前飞灰含碳量在线监测的必要性作了说明并对目前现有检测方法优缺点加以分析,对目前已经商品化的飞灰测碳仪器加以简介。针对目前电厂常用取样方法存在的问题提出了彻底的解决方案,对未来飞灰测碳技术的发展趋势进行说明,对飞灰含碳量检测技术有一定参考价值。     

300MW机组贫煤锅炉燃烧特性试验研究

在３００ＭＷ１０２４ｔ／ｈ锅炉上进行变煤种，变负荷，变风量试验，研究煤种及运行工况对ＮＯｘ排放特性及飞灰含碳量的影响，研究发现煤中含氮量与ＮＯｘ排放量具有一定相关性，入炉总风量与ＮＯｘ排放量存在线性关系，运行工况变化对飞灰含碳量也有一定影响。     

煤矸石电厂锅炉飞灰含碳量偏高的原因分析

阐述了影响循环流化床锅炉飞灰含碳量高的原因,通过对现有生产设备运行参数对比分析,找出影响飞灰含碳量高的因素,采取有效措施降低循环流化床锅炉飞灰含碳量,从而达到提高锅炉运行效率目的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.