基于粒子群优化的马氏距离模糊聚类算法

为解决传统模糊聚类迭代算法对初始化敏感,易陷入局部最优及处理高维数据时精度下降的问题,对基于马氏距离的模糊聚类算法(fuzzy c-means algorithm based on Mahalanobis distance,M-FCM)进行优化。将马氏距离代替欧氏距离,通过构造类内紧致度、类间分离度与类间清晰度结合的适应度函数,利用粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)对马氏距离模糊聚类进行研究,提出了基于粒子群优化的马氏距离模糊聚类算法(Mahalanobis distance fuzzy clustering algorithm based on particle swarm optimization,DPSOM-FCM),并将此新算法与FCM(fuzzy c-means algorithm),M-FCM,PSO-FCM,IFPSOFCM(importance for fuzzy clustering algorithm based on particle swarm optimization)算法,在UCI(university of californiairvine)数据库的6个标准数据集上进行实验对比分析。结果表明,DPSOM-FCM算法具有算法收敛性和聚类有效性,并且聚类精确度优于其他算法,对高维数据的聚类识别能力强,即该算法具有全局优化作用。     

基于高斯隶属度的包容性指标模糊聚类算法

基于传统的模糊聚类算法(C-means、FCM),在高斯隶属度函数的基础上给出了包含性指标的定义,提出了基于高斯隶属度的包容性指标模糊聚类算法(fuzzy inclusion-based clustering,FIC)。该方法通过获取高斯隶属度函数的包含性指标,为每个分类确定一个支持距离的半定性矩阵,来保证每个分类到所有数据类的距离和与所有数据类包含度的总和一致。通过UCI中Wine数据集进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明与FCM算法相比较,FIC算法具有更好的有效性和可行性。     

关于马氏距离模糊聚类的有效性指标研究

为了研究基于马氏距离模糊聚类算法的有效性,首先对比分析了基于数据集模糊划分与几何结构的模糊聚类有效性指标,确定了将紧致度、分离度与清晰度结合的有效性研究方向,然后针对基于马氏距离的模糊聚类提出新的度量标准,构造有效性指标,最后结合算法在真实数据集上进行实验,结果表明新指标能准确识别马氏距离模糊聚类算法在多维数据上的最佳聚类数目。     

基于粒子群优化与模糊聚类的社区发现算法

针对现有基于改进的K-means模糊聚类的社区发现算法(k-means algorithm for community structures detection based on fuzzy clustering,NKFCM)执行效率较差的问题,将粒子群算法与模糊聚类算法相结合提出了基于粒子群优化与模糊聚类的社区发现算法(community detection algorithm based on particle swarm optimization and fuzzy clustering,PFCM).该算法首先进行迭代运算,找出初始聚类核心,利用以云模型为运行条件的粒子群优化算法确定最优聚类核心与最佳社区个数,最后利用模糊聚类算法(fuzzy c-means algorithm,FCM)进行具体的社区划分.理论解析与测试结果表明:该算法发现网络社区的准确性较高,且与NKFCM算法相比,PFCM在处理网络数据时执行效率获得了极大地提升.     

基于马氏距离的模糊聚类优化算法——KM-FCM

为了解决以欧氏距离作为相似性准则的传统模糊聚类算法对多维数据处理不利的问题,采用马氏距离代替欧氏距离,对基于马氏距离的模糊聚类算法进行优化研究,以增强基于马氏距离的模糊聚类算法的聚类效果和能力。通过构造启发式搜索与k-means算法结合的初始优化方法,利用可以自动调节最佳聚类数的有效性函数,提出了一种优化算法KM-FCM,并将此新算法与FCM,FCM-M,M-FCM聚类算法在3个标准数据集上进行了实验。结果表明,KM-FCM算法有效,聚类精度比FCM,FCM-M,M-FCM高,对高维数据聚类识别能力强,具有全局优化作用,并且聚类个数无需提前设定。新算法可为基于马氏距离的模糊聚类算法的优化提供参考。     

一种基于马氏距离的半监督模糊聚类方法及其应用

定义了一种新的基于马氏距离的半监督模糊聚类算法,并推导出它的迭代公式.该算法能够提高聚类算法的运行效率.在人工数据集和真实数据集上的实验结果验证了这种方法的有效性.提取了黄瓜叶片7个色调特征,Fisher降维之后进行半监督聚类分析.对于已标识类别属性的叶片,聚类结果与已知属性的一致率达100％,而对于未标识数据,一致率也达到96％以上.     

半监督平衡化模糊C-means聚类

传统模糊C-means聚类(FCM,fuzzy C-means)在处理非平衡数据集时,由于相异类中所含样本数量差异较大,导致类间权值不平衡和"均匀效应",从而易产生聚类错误.另外,FCM属于无监督方法,无法更好地利用已知的部分类标记信息引导聚类.为解决这两方面问题,提出一种半监督的平衡化模糊C-means聚类(SBFCM,semi-supervised balanced fuzzy C-means)方法.SBFCM在FCM目标函数的基础上加入了对聚类模糊隶属度矩阵的近似正交约束和半监督约束,从而得到了新的聚类目标函数.实验结果表明,相比于FCM,SBFCM能有效缓解由"均匀效应"导致的聚类错误现象,并能有效地利用部分先验类标记信息,从而可获得更好的聚类效果.     

一种基于Seeds集和成对约束的主动半监督聚类算法

针对半监督聚类算法中监督信息使用不充分,监督信息中信息含有量低的问题,提出一种结合主动学习的半监督聚类算法.首先结合使用数据的类别标记和成对约束信息,指导Kmeans聚类过程,设计出一种基于Seeds集和成对约束的半监督聚类算法SC-Kmeans;其次将主动学习算法引入到SC-Kmeans中,以尽量小的代价选取信息含有量更高的监督信息,提高SC-Kmeans算法的聚类精度;最后在UCI标准数据集上进行仿真实验.实验结果表明,该算法取得了较好的聚类效果,有效提高了聚类准确率.     

基于马氏距离和模糊C均值聚类的抠图算法与应用

基于马氏距离和模糊C均值聚类算法提出了一种数字彩色图像抠图算法.该算法首先对彩色图像像素的红绿蓝三种彩色分量进行正则化处理;然后在正则化图像背景中选取适当的掩膜作为样本集,计算各像素与样本集之间的马氏距离;再利用模糊C均值聚类算法对计算出的马氏距离进行分类;最后利用填洞操作提高抠图质量.对八幅彩色数字图像进行对比实验,结果显示本算法可以自动抠图,且结果优于马氏距离算法、Grow-Cut算法和正则化线性回归算法的相应抠图效果.     

基于成对约束的主动学习半监督聚类算法

半监督学习是近年来机器学习领域中的一个重要研究方向,其监督信息的质量对半监督聚类的结果影响很大,主动学习高质量的监督信息很有必要.提出一种纠错式主动学习成对约束的方法,算法通过寻找聚类算法本身不能发现的成对约束监督信息,将其引入谱聚类算法,利用该监督信息来调整谱聚类中点与点之间的距离矩阵.采用双向寻找的方法,将点与点间距离进行排序,使得学习器即使在接收到没有标记的数据时也能进行主动学习,实现了在较少的约束下可得到较好的聚类结果.同时,该算法降低了计算复杂度,并解决了聚类过程中成对约束的奇异问题.通过在UCI基准数据集以及人工数据集的实验表明,算法的性能好于相关对比算法,并优于采用随机选取监督信息的谱聚类性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.