ICP-MS法同时测定桉叶油中5种有害重金属元素

建立了ICP-MS法同时测定桉叶油中有害重金属元素铅、镉、砷、铬、汞的实验方法.样品经微波消解后,直接用ICP-MS同时测定上述5种元素,结果显示5种元素的检出限分别为Pb:3.0μg/kg、Cd:0.4μg/kg、As:3.4μg/kg、Cr:2.6μg/kg,Hg:52.4μg/kg;所有元素相关系数r≥0.999 7;相对标准偏差RSD<5%;回收率在80.6%～116.1%之间.该法简便、测定速度快、结果准确,适用于桉叶油等精油中有害金属元素的测定.     

婴幼儿米粉中有害重金属含量测定

从食品安全方面考虑的重金属污染,目前最引人关注的是汞、镉、铅、铬,以及类金属砷等有显著生物毒性的重金属。本试验应用ICP-MS对婴幼儿米粉中的重金属元素进行了分析。结果表明:米粉中重金属砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)和汞(Hg)含量符合国家标准要求。     

ICP-MS法测定食品添加剂氢氧化钠中五种重金属

目的:建立对基础干扰大的食品添加剂氢氧化钠中重金属的快速测定方法。方法:利用ICP-MS同时测定了食品添加剂氢氧化钠中砷、铅、镉、汞、铬五种重金属元素。结果:该方法完全克服了本体干扰大的缺点,五种元素标准曲线呈现良好的线性相关性,线性相关系数落在0.999 0~0.999 9的范围内;五种元素样品重复测定相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3.7%,检出限在0.03~0.09 ug/L之间,加标回收率在91%~102%之间。结论:实现了对食品添加剂氢氧化钠中五种微量重金属元素准确快速分析。     

碰撞反应界面-电感耦合等离子体质谱法直接测定海水中7种元素

采用新型高灵敏度碰撞/反应技术CRI-ICP-MS,在海水稀释10倍后测定其中的铜、铅、锌、镉、铬、砷、硒7种痕量元素。实验中碰撞/反应界面自动切换,而且在一次分析过程中就可以完成所有目标元素的测量。方法检出限为0.024~0.095ng/ml,加标回收率为84.2%~113.2%,所得标准物质分析结果与证书值基本一致。     

铜质火锅使用过程中的金属元素含量分析

探讨酸菜在铜质容器中熬煮,砷、汞、铅、镉、铬、镍、铜等元素含量的变化.以微波消解预处理样品,运用ICP-MS、HG-AFS法测定铜锅熬煮酸菜过程中汤料、酸菜中重金属元素的含量变化.在紫铜锅中熬煮酸菜6 h,可使锅体汞、铅、铜溶出较多,镉、铬、镍少量溶出,基本无砷溶出.其中,汤料中汞、铅、铜、镉、铬和镍分别约增加914%、65%、513倍、55%、46%和60%,酸菜中汞、铅、铜、镉、铬和镍分别增加81%、159%、375倍、19%、142%和70%.从健康角度出发,紫铜锅可能不适宜作酸菜类火锅的烹饪容器.     

同时检测土壤中铅镉铬汞砷重金属元素含量方法的优化

采用微波消解法对土壤进行一次消解。运用原子吸收法和原子荧光法同时检测土壤中铅、镉、铬、汞、砷5种重金属元素含量。针对易挥发元素汞和难溶元素铅、铬,对消解用酸体系进行了优化,并对原子吸收线性范围窄的问题进行了优化。检测结果表明:测定值在标准物质的不确定度范围内,相对偏差均小于8%。     

微波消解技术在土壤重金属元素测定中的应用

本文阐述了用微波消解-原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光光度法测定土壤中铜、锌、铅、镉、铬、砷、汞.通过多种消解酸体系实验,摸索出硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢(硝酸-盐酸-过氧化氢)最佳土样消解方法.实验结果表明,该方法在分析土壤标准样品中铜、锌、铅、镉、铬、砷、汞时测定结果与保证值基本符合,且重复性较好,是一种用酸量少,简便快捷,环境污染少、准确度和精密度均较高的消解方法.     

原子荧光光谱法同时测定重晶石中的砷和汞

采用王水浸取样品,用氢化物发生-原子荧光法同时测定重晶石中的砷和汞,并对样品的浸取方法,干扰元素及各种实验条件进行研究.建立的HG-AFS同时测定重晶中砷和汞含量的分析方法,满足进出口检验快速准确的要求.砷和汞的回收率在92.53%～120.00%之间,方法相对标准偏差(RSD)为砷0.77(n=11),汞1.02(n=11),检出限为砷0.45ng/ml,汞0.01ng/ml.     

11种中药材中14种重金属及有害元素测定

样品经微波消解后,以锗(Ge)、铟(In)、铋(Bi)、钪(Sc)作为内标元素,采用ICP-MS法对350批、11种中药材中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜、铬、镍、钡、锰、钼、锡、硒、锑和铊等14种重金属及有害元素进行含量测定,并对样品中铬、镍、钡、锰、钼、锡、硒、锑和铊等9种金属元素含量进行考察,运用数理统计方法对数据进行统计学分析。结果表明同一品种14种元素测定值与来源及产地无明显相关性。350批样品中,1批样本中铜元素超出限量范围,35批样本中镉元素超出限量范围,超标率10%。有必要对中药材中部分重金属元素的含量加以监管,以确保中药材的品质和用药安全。该方法作为中药材中重金属及有害元素有效检测方法,简单快捷、灵敏可靠。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定魔芋精粉中的重金属元素

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定魔芋精粉中铅、铬、镉、砷、汞5种元素的含量,其检出限分别为0.0102,0.0009、0.001、0.028、0.004 mg·L-1,测定回收率在98.O%～103.0%之间,RSD(n=10)为0.5%～1.6%.所建立的元素分析方法其准确度和精密度均符合要求,应用本方法测定实际样品,结果令人满意.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to