一株好氧反硝化菌的鉴定及脱氮特性研究

以筛选分离得到的好氧反硝化菌HG-7为研究对象, 经过16S rRNA同源性分析, 初步鉴定该菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。对菌株HG-7反硝化功能基因的扩增结果表明, 菌体HG-7内存在好氧反硝化功能基因napA和nirK, 证实该细菌为好氧反硝化细菌。对菌株的脱氮特性和影响因素的研究表明, 以硝酸盐氮为氮源时, 菌株的最适碳源为乙酸钠和丁二酸钠, 最佳C/N比为6~10, 最适宜的温度范围为26~30℃。在上述条件下, 菌株HG-7的好氧反硝化活性较高, 48小时内对100 mg/L硝酸盐氮的去除率可达98%, 且在反应过程中亚硝酸盐氮积累量较低。以亚硝酸氮为唯一氮源时, 低浓度条件下可实现100%的氮素去除率; 高浓度条件下, 脱氮速率则受到明显的抑制, 对91.4 mg/L的亚硝酸盐氮氮去除率约为40%。因此, 将该菌株应用于废水的脱氮处理, 可实现氮素的有效去除, 具有潜在的应用价值。     

异养菌株HNR脱氮性能

从膜生物反应器中分离出一株异养型高效脱氮细菌,该菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,命名为HNR.经16S rRNA测序,该菌株属于Acinetobactersp.菌属.以氯化铵为惟一氮源,探讨了不同碳源、pH值、温度及碳与氮质量分数之比w(C/N)对HNR菌株脱氮性能的影响.实验结果表明:以葡萄糖为碳源、pH值为8、温度为30℃、w(C/N)为10时,HNR具有最佳脱氮效果.在好氧条件下,当氨氮初始质量浓度为120 mg/L时,经过72 h的连续培养,其氨氮和总氮的去除率分别达92.5%和89.1%.通过气相色谱能检测到N2,但检测不到N2O.HNR不具有明显的好氧反硝化性能,表明HNR的脱氮途径可能与已报道过的异养硝化好氧反硝化脱氮途径有所不同.     

碳源和盐度对好氧反硝化细菌脱氮特性的影响

采用16S rDNA序列分析对菌株LZX301进行了初步鉴定,在150 r/m摇瓶好氧培养,探讨了碳源及盐度对菌株好氧反硝化特性的影响. 结果表明,该菌株16S rDNA序列与Pseudomonas stutzeri ATTC 17594（AY905607.1）等3株施氏假单胞菌序列相似度为99%,系统发育树分析显示菌株LZX301与P.stutzeri 的关系比同属的P.aeruginosa 和P.putida更近,因此初步确定菌株LZX301为Pseudomonas stutzeri. 培养液初始含7 mg/L亚硝酸盐和28 mg/L硝酸盐、C/N比为10:1条件下,以葡萄糖、乙酸钠和蔗糖为碳源时无机氮去除率分别为79.1%、67.9%和38.8%,氨氮积累量分别为1.978、1.224、0.727 mg/L. 以葡萄糖为唯一碳源时,在5、15、25等3个盐度下无机氮总去除率分别为73.2%、85.8%和78.7%,其中硝酸盐去除率分别为89.8%、86.1%和76.5%,亚硝酸盐去除率分别为36.2%、94.7%和96.4%,氨氮质量浓度分别为2.117、0.691、0.595 mg/L. 研究结果表明菌株LZX301在盐度5~25 范围内具有较强的好氧反硝化能力,以葡萄糖为碳源脱氮效果最好,对该菌株的应用具有指导意义.     

三峡库区消落带土壤N2O排放和反硝化影响因子分析

应用乙炔抑制培养法研究了水分、温度、氮源和碳源等影响因子对三峡库区腹地消落带土壤N2O排放和反硝化作用的影响,并与原位试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,土壤含水量是影响土壤N2O排放和反硝化作用的重要因素,反硝化速率随着土壤充水孔隙度（WFPS）的增加而增大,土壤反硝化速率最大值出现在土壤WFPS为100%时,N2O排放速率最大值出现在土壤WFPS为60%时。温度在10～40 ℃范围内,土壤N2O排放速率和反硝化速率随着温度的升高而增大,相关性分析表明,土壤N2O排放速率和反硝化速率均与温度呈显著正相关。外加氮源为NO -3-N时,反硝化速率随氮源量的增加有减小的趋势,过多的硝态氮抑制反硝化作用;而添加易被微生物利用的葡萄糖作为碳源则会明显提高土壤反硝化速率,当每千克土加入碳源量为240 mg时反硝化速率最大。     

氢自养反硝化细菌SY6的反硝化特性研究

从水库底泥中分离出1株氢自养反硝化细菌SY6.以氢自养反硝化菌株SY6作为研究对象,分析了氢气作为电子供体时,氢自养反硝化细菌SY6生物脱氮途径及生长增殖规律,考察了不同环境因子对菌株SY6生物脱氮性能的影响.结果表明,30℃时菌株反硝化效率最高,此时NO-3的去除率达到100%;在p H值为6—7的中性偏酸环境,菌株反硝化效果最好,NO-3的去除率为100%.不同的C/N对反硝化效果的影响很小,以Na HCO3作为碳源反硝化效果优于以CO2作为碳源.     

高效异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株的分离鉴定与脱氮性能

利用BTB培养基从实验室驯化成熟的SBR反应器的活性污泥中筛选出一株高效异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株WYLW-X06.通过对菌株WYLW-X06的形态观察、生理生化特征测定、Biolog鉴定,以及16S rDNA序列测定,认定菌株WYLW-X06是蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus).对菌株脱氮性能的研究结果表明:该菌株脱氮效果良好,氨氮去除率达到97.18%,总氮去除率96.63%,N2O气体总产量1.848 987 mg,N2O-N产量占总氮去除量的0.572%.     

一株耐碱好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮性能

为改善强碱环境下微生物脱氮效率低下的问题,从上海市稻田土壤中分离出一株具有强碱适应能力的好氧反硝化菌。经细胞形态学观察及16S rDNA分析,鉴定其为琼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter junii),并命名为琼氏不动杆菌5-2。结合单因素影响试验考察该菌株在不同环境条件下的脱氮效果,发现其在一定pH值(7.0～12.0)及盐质量浓度范围(10～30 g/L)内,均能保持较高的硝氮去除率(>90%)。在以乙酸钠为碳源、硝酸钾为氮源、碳氮质量比(m(C)/m(N))值为12、温度为35℃、转速为90 r/min、初始pH值为10.0、初始硝氮质量浓度为41.07 mg/L的条件下培养120 h后,该菌株对硝氮及总氮的去除率分别为97.83%及65.85%,同时,对该菌株好氧反硝化相关酶活性及基因进行检测。研究结果表明,琼氏不动杆菌5-2具有高效好氧反硝化能力,有望应用于处理实际含氮废水。     

碳源、C/N和温度对生物反硝化脱氮过程的影响

生物反硝化法是去除水体中硝酸盐的有效方法。鉴于生物反硝化过程中有机碳源不足的问题,选择甲醇、乙醇、葡萄糖作为反硝化碳源,研究它们对反硝化的促进作用;同时研究C/N比以及温度对反硝化过程的影响。结果显示:甲醇、乙醇和葡萄糖作为反硝化碳源时,均可获得较高的硝酸盐氮去除率。以乙醇为碳源时,反硝化速率进行的最快,硝酸盐氮去除率高,中间副产物亚硝酸盐氮和氨氮积累少,是最优的反硝化碳源;C/N比对反硝化过程影响显著,C/N比越高,脱氮速率越快;另外温度对反硝化也有着重要的影响,在25℃、35℃时的脱氮效果远好于10℃时的脱氮效果。     

污水处理中微生物反硝化脱氮过程及代谢规律

微生物同化、异化反硝化均依赖碳源,且同化C/N为23远高于异化C/N。污水系统中反硝化菌多为兼性厌氧菌,其反硝化效果受DO、碳源种类、温度等因素影响较大。DO与NO3--N为竞争关系,DO存在会抑制反硝化,但高DO有利于反硝化菌的生长。不同碳源反硝化所需C/N不同,污水为碳源时所需的C/N约为4.0-5.0,污泥内源呼吸时反硝化C/N最低为2.9-3.2,但其反硝化速率仅为利用VFA时的1/10。常见VFA如甲醇、乙酸等C/N为3.1-4.1。反硝化过程中还应注意温室气体N2O逸出等问题,偏酸性及较高DO会导致反硝化过程N2O积累与逸出。     

废水脱氮过程中N_2O的控逸理论及研究进展

N2O是大气中重要的温室气体之一,大量研究表明,污水生物处理的硝化反硝化过程是N2O的重要强源之一.通过对硝化反硝化全过程的机理分析,探讨了N2O的逸出机理.同时阐述了外界因素对N2O逸出量的影响规律.据此优化实际运行中的污水生物脱氮工艺,以达到有效控制N2O逸出的目的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-