尼氟灭酸对CCI模型鼠DRG神经元GABA介导膜电流的影响

为观察尼氟灭酸(NFA)对坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤(CCI)所导致的神经病理性痛大鼠的背根神经节(dorsal root ganglion,DRG)神经元上GABAA受体激活电流的影响,探讨尼氟灭酸在神经病理性疼痛时在脊髓水平的作用及可能机制。采用如下方法:(1)制作CCI模型。(2)运用热板实验检测CCI组、假手术组术侧下肢热缩足反射潜伏期的变化。(3)运用全细胞膜片钳技术记录CCI模型组术侧、假手术组术侧、正常组DRG神经元上GABAA受体激活电流的幅度。(4)记录尼氟灭酸对正常组和CCI组术侧DRG神经元上GABAA受体激活电流的调节作用。结果显示,(1)CCI组术侧下肢热缩足反射潜伏期明显缩短。(2)GABA(1~1000μmol/L)可以使DRG神经元产生浓度依赖的内向电流(P0.05,n=10)。(3)CCI组1~100μmol/L GABA激活电流幅值显著小于假手术组和正常对照组(P0.01,n=6)。假手术组和正常对照组GABA电流差异无统计学意义。(4)NFA(1~100μmol/L)对正常组、CCI组的DRG神经元上GABA激活的电流均有抑制作用,该抑制作用具有浓度依赖性,且正常组的抑制作用更明显(P0.01,n=5)。由此可知,NFA对CCI模型大鼠DRG神经元GABA激活电流的抑制作用相比较正常组有所减弱,这可能是由于CCI模型的DRG神经元上钙激活氯通道的数量增加。     

福尔马林致痛对大鼠DRG神经元CCK表达的影响

胆囊收缩素(CCK)是一种脑肠肽,在中枢和外周神经系统广泛分布.CCK参与许多重要生理和病理生理过程,包括行为学、焦虑、学习、记忆过程、疼痛等,为探讨CCK是否参与初级感觉信息的调制,本实验运用免疫组织化学技术,观察了福尔马林致痛后对大鼠背根神经节(DRG)神经元CCK表达的影响.研究结果表明,大鼠足底注射福尔马林1h后,注射侧DRG小神经元和大、中神经元CCK表达阳性率分别为60.37%±6.92%和26.96%±4.01%,注射侧CCK表达阳性细胞的半定量光密度均值是0.236±0.012,与生理盐水组相比均显著增加,差异均有显著性.非注射侧DRG小神经元和大、中神经元CCK表达阳性率分别为25.22%±5.08%和11.73%±2.73%,非注射侧CCK表达阳性细胞的半定量光密度均值是0.173±0.002,与生理盐水组相比均无明显改变.福尔马林致痛后大鼠DRG神经元CCK表达阳性率和半定量光密度均值均增加,表明CCK在DRG和脊髓水平参与了痛觉信息传递的调制.     

TRPV1在LPS引起的大鼠发热伴疼痛或痛觉过敏中的作用

为探讨TRPV1在LPS引起的大鼠发热伴疼痛或痛觉过敏中的作用。采用经大鼠侧脑室给予TRPV1受体阻断剂辣椒平(Capsazepine,CPZ)、30 min后腹腔给予LPS诱导发热模型的方法。通过微电脑测温仪和足底疼痛测试仪间断观察大鼠体温(Tc)及痛觉潜伏期的变化;实时荧光定量PCR(RT-q PCR)检测给予LPS 6h大鼠POA和L3-L5段DRG部位TRPV1m RNA表达变化。结果显示:与对照组相比,CPZ组Tc和痛觉潜伏期无明显变化;LPS组Tc明显升高,潜伏期明显缩短;CPZ+LPS组Tc显著升高,但潜伏期明显延长。与LPS相比,CPZ+LPS组Tc升高显著,持续时间更久,潜伏期延长更加明显。相比Control组和CPZ组,LPS组POA和DRG部位TRPV1m RNA相对表达量均显著增加,CPZ+LPS组TRPV1m RNA相对表达量在POA部位无明显变化,在DRG部位显著增加。由此可知,正常体温状态下,TRPV1未参与大鼠体温及痛觉过敏的调节;通过阻断TRPV1使发热大鼠体温进一步升高,发热时程延长,痛觉潜伏期延长,表明发热时TRPV1被激活,对LPS诱导的发热具有一定的负调控作用,同时提高了痛觉敏感性;TRPV1可能在外周和中枢共同参与了体温调节和痛觉调制。     

起搏通道调控外周神经疼痛的机制研究

运用大鼠幸免神经损伤模型和电生理膜片钳技术,研究了HCN通道在外周神经疼痛中的作用机制.发现疼痛组大鼠DRG神经元上的HCN通道兴奋性显著增强,注射ZD7288可有效抑制这种变化.     

nNOS参与阻断5-HT_(2A)受体导致的炎症大鼠痛觉低敏

通过建立大鼠足底角叉菜胶炎症模型,在致炎1 h于炎症部位注射酮色林或其溶剂DMSO,或在18 h于炎症局部注射5-HT或其溶剂生理盐水,致炎24 h灌流取脊髓和DRG,免疫组化法显示脊髓背角和DRG中nNOS的表达.结果显示酮色林组DRG中的中、小nNOS阳性神经元百分数显著少于DMSO组,脊髓中阳性神经元数也显著少于DMSO组;而5-HT组脊髓中nNOS阳性神经元数显著高于生理盐水组,说明nNOS参与了阻断5-HT2A受体导致的炎症大鼠痛觉低敏.     

组织胺对大鼠DRG神经元ATP-激活电流的抑制作用

目的:探讨组织胺对大鼠DRG神经元ATP-激活电流的调制作用.方法:采用全细胞膜片钳技术,在新鲜分离的大鼠背根神经节细胞上进行.结果:实验观察到组织胺在DRG神经元可引起内向电流,并有明显的浓度依赖性.在被检测的DRG神经元中,85%(30/35)的细胞对ATP敏感,可引起一浓度依赖性的去敏感的内向电流.预加10-8、10-7、10-6、10-5、10-4mol/L组织胺后,对ATP-激活电流的抑制分别是:(12.50±3.2%(n=5)、(24.49±3.5%(n=5)、(35.18±4.5%(n=6)、(32.62±5.8%(n=8)、(23.53±4.2%(n=5),呈浓度依赖性.结论:组织胺对大鼠DRG神经元ATP-激活电流有明显的抑制作用.     

注射酮色林对脊神经结扎大鼠脊髓背角和背根神经节nNOS表达的影响

通过结扎大鼠L5脊神经建立神经病理性痛模型.手术后第3日开始皮下注射酮色林(0.3 mg·kg-1)或其溶剂DMSO(体积分数为0.8%),每d1次,2周后灌流、取材,免疫组织化学实验显示神经结扎后L4背根神经节(DRG)和脊髓背角Ⅰ-Ⅱ层nNOS的表达均上调.然而皮下注射酮色林阻断5-HT2A受体,使L4 DRG和脊...     

孤啡肽对大鼠背根神经节神经元膜的作用

应用细胞内微电极记录技术,观察了孤啡肽(orphanin OF,OFQ)对2~3周龄大鼠背根神经节(dorsal root gan-glion,DRG)神经元的作用及OFQ受体的特异性阻断剂Nphe对OFQ引起的DRG神经元膜反应的影响。受检的271个细胞,静息膜电位-45.00±7.63mV,当加3×10-7~3×10-10mol/L OFQ时可观察到如下三种膜电位变化:1)超极化;2)去极化;3)双相反应。实验中还可观察到膜电位无反应的现象,其未列入受检细胞个数中。用Nphe(3×10-7~3×10-9mol/L)灌流DRG标本,能分别阻断OFQ引起的膜的3种反应,表明了DRG神经元膜上有OFQ受体的存在,并且OFQ引起DRG神经元膜电位多样性变化。     

D_2受体激动剂R(一)—NPA对DRG神经元GABA-激活电流的抑制作用

应用全细胞膜片钳记录技术在大鼠新鲜分离DRG神经元上,观察预加多巴胺D_2受体选择性激动剂R(—)—NPA对GABA—激活电流的调制作用.绝大部分受检细胞86.2%(50/58)对外加GABA敏感.10~(-6)～10~(-3)mol/LGABA 引起一剂量依赖性有明显去敏感作用的内向电流.对GABA敏感的50个受检细胞中13个细胞引起一较大的无明显去敏感的内向电流,其他的无反应.预加R(一)—NPA30秒后再加GABA,则对GABA—激活电流幅值的影响如下:抑制的为76%(38/5O),增强的为2%(1/50),无明显作用的为22%(11/5O).在其浓度为10~(-4)mol/L、10~(-5)mol/L、10~(-6)mol/L、10~(-7)moV/L时抑制(X±SE)分别为19.1%12.8(n=6)、42.49%±3.2(n=6)、83.6%±1.2(n=6)、8.69%±1.8(n=6).细胞内加蛋白激酶抑制剂H7后,R(—)—NPA对GABA的抑制作用完全消除(n=16).     

野木瓜注射液对大鼠外周痛觉信息传导的影响

对完整Wistar大鼠模型,应用微电极细胞外记录技术,观察了在坐骨神经处分别加入10%,25%,50%,75%和95%的野木瓜注射液前后,电刺激大鼠坐骨神经诱发的脊髓背角广动力范围神经元放电活动的变化.结果表明:野木瓜注射液在坐骨神经处加药时能降低大鼠脊髓背角广动力范围神经元的诱发放电频率和幅度(P0.05),并具有浓度依赖性,这与野木瓜注射液对离体背根神经节细胞产生的效应是一致的.野木瓜注射液可以在外周水平上阻滞痛觉信息的传导,这可能是其产生镇痛作用的原因之一.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.