δ-Opioid receptors protect from anoxic disruption of Na+ homeostasis via Na+ channel regulation

Hypoxic/ischemic disruption of ionic homeostasis is a critical trigger of neuronal injury/death in the brain. There is, however, no promising strategy against such pathophysiologic change to protect the brain from hypoxic/ischemic injury. Here, we present a novel finding that activation of δ-opioid receptors (DOR) reduced anoxic Na⁺ influx in the mouse cortex, which was completely blocked by DOR antagonism with naltrindole. Furthermore, we co-expressed DOR and Na⁺ channels in Xenopus oocytes and showed that DOR expression and activation indeed play an inhibitory role in Na⁺ channel regulation by decreasing the amplitude of sodium currents and increasing activation threshold of Na⁺ channels. Our results suggest that DOR protects from anoxic disruption of Na⁺ homeostasis via Na⁺ channel regulation. These data may potentially have significant impacts on understanding the intrinsic mechanism of neuronal responses to stress and provide clues for better solutions of hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy, and for the exploration of acupuncture mechanism since acupuncture activates opioid system.     

Selective effect of burn injury on splenic CD11c+ dendritic cells and CD8α+CD4−CD11c+ dendritic cell subsets

Burn injury causes an immunosuppression associated with suppressed adaptive immune function. Dendritic cells (DCs) are APCs for which signaling via their Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induces their maturation and activation, which is essential for the adaptive immune response. In this study, we examined if burn injury alters the TLR activity of splenic DCs. After injury, we noticed that DC functions were impaired, characterized by a suppressed capacity to prime naive T cells when triggering the TLR4 signaling cascade using specific ligands (LPS or rHSP60). The observed perturbations on LPS-primed DCs isolated from burned mice exhibited significantly diminished IL-12p40 production and enhanced IL-10 secretion-associated impairment in mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Interestingly, we observed a decrease of TLR4/MD-2 expression on the CD8α⁺ DC subset that persisted following LPS stimulation. The altered TLR4 expression on LPS-stimulated CD8α⁺ DCs was associated with reduced capacity to produce IL-12 after stimulation. Our results suggested that TLR4 reactivity on DCs, especially CD8α⁺ DCs, is disturbed after burn injury.     

Selektive Ionenaustauscher für Fe3+1

Résumé Les acides hydroxamiques de deux échangeurs d'ions — sur base d'acide acrylique et sur base d'acide pectique — ont été préparés. Ils sont sélectifs pour Fe³⁺.

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4. Mitteilung über Ionenaustauscher.     

Ru(bpy)32+固相电致化学发光研究进展

将可电化学再生的电致化学发光(ECL)试剂固定于电极表面，由此获得ECL传感器，从而减少分析过程中试剂的消耗和简化实验装置。本文综述了联吡啶钌及其衍生物的固相ECL近年来的研究进展，并简要介绍了各种固定方法及其相关的应用情况。     

Lack of Na+,K+-ATPase expression in intercalated cells may be compensated by Na+-ATPase: A study on MDCK – C11 cells

The lack of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase expression in intercalated cells (IC) is an intriguing condition due to its fundamental role in cellular homeostasis. In order to better understand this question we compared the activities of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase and Na⁺-ATPase in two MDCK cell clones: the C11, with IC characteristics, and the C7, with principal cells (PC) characteristics. The Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity found in C11 cells is far lower than in C7 cells and the expression of its β-subunit is similar in both cells. On the other hand, a subset of C11 without α-subunit expression has been found. In C11 cells the Na⁺-ATPase activity is higher than that of the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase, and it is increased by medium alkalinization, suggesting that it could account for the cellular Na⁺-homeostasis. Although further studies are necessary for a better understanding of these findings, the presence of Na⁺-ATPase may explain the adequate survival of cells that lack Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase. Received 09 July 2008; received after revision 03 August 2008; accepted 12 August 2008     

智能文献计量学视角下的知识发现：人工智能+信息计量学

如何高效准确地发现知识并提炼情报是信息管理与图情领域的重要课题。大数据时代人工智能技术的飞速发展为这一课题带来新视野。本文由读《学科信息学与学科知识发现》所悟所感出发,探讨应用于知识发现的文献计量学方法。着眼于文献计量学方法在大规模数据处理、复杂关系发现以及模型可适性、复用性与鲁棒性等问题上的缺陷,本文以智能文献计量学为核心,剖析其与人工智能技术的交互、整合与再创新,并介绍其在生物医学领域知识发现的最新应用。此外,本文还介绍了智能文献计量学在复杂实践中的缺陷,浅谈其发展前景。     

“互联网+”时代下智能制造技术在我国钢铁行业的应用

我国钢铁行业历经30多年的信息化发展,目前已取得初步成效,而《中国制造2025》规划的出台和"互联网+"发展战略的提出更是为今后钢铁行业由制造向"智造"转变指明了方向。通过简要介绍德国"工业4.0"、美国"工业互联网"、《中国制造2025》等战略,从技术角度出发论述以物联网、大数据和云计算为主的智能制造技术在我国钢铁行业生产、管理和运输等方面的具体应用,分析钢铁企业在推行智能制造技术过程中遇到的问题并提出对策,以期为今后我国钢铁行业的转型升级提供借鉴和帮助。     

C+Ti双注入钢中纳米抗腐蚀相的形成和抗腐蚀特性

C+Ti注入样品经过腐蚀和点蚀后用透射电子显微镜发现了抗腐蚀的丝状纳米相. 多重电位扫描法研究表明这种相具有抗腐蚀和抗点蚀特性,其腐蚀电流密度下降10～26倍. X射线分析表明这种相为直径10～30 nm的FeTi和FeTi₂相,这种相密集的镶嵌在注入层中,其长度大约为150～320 nm. 腐蚀后用扫描电子显微镜观察到密集的丝状的抗腐蚀和抗点蚀的纳米结构. 这种丝状纳米相是金属碳化物,这些相构成了具有优异抗腐蚀特性的钝化层.     

真空紫外光激发下GdPO4:RE3+荧光材料的能量传递过程

采用高温固相合成法制备获得了GdPO4:RE3 (RE=Tb,Tm)多晶粉末,分析了基质与发光中心之间(Gd3 →Tb3 和Tm3 →Gd3 )的能量传递过程.由真空紫外区的发光光谱的分析,认为在GdPO4:Tm3 中,属于Tm3 离子电荷迁移态的180nm的强的吸收峰对Gd3 的313nm的发射起到了增强的作用;而GdPO4:Tb3 中则为处于高激发态(6DJ和6IJ)的Gd3 离子通过多次的弛豫过程和晶格传递,使Tb离子产生5DJ→7FJ的发射.     

火星磁层中尾向磁场对O+离子分布的影响

在与地球对比的基础上,采用LB磁场模型,根据由动力学方程求解得到的分布函数,研究了火星磁层中不同尾向磁场条件下来自电离层的O⁺离子沿磁力线的分布。结果发现火星磁尾区O⁺离子通量密度受火星与太阳风相互作用而产生的感应型尾向磁场的影响：（i） 火星磁尾O+离子通量密度随尾向磁场的增强而增大,当尾向磁场由5 nT增大到20 nT时,磁尾2.8 Rm (Rm为火星半径)处O+离子通量密度可增大3倍左右;（ii）火星磁尾O+离子通量密度随内禀磁矩的增大而减小,当内禀磁矩增大半个量级时,磁尾2.8 Rm处O+离子通量密度可减小到25%左右. 根据实际观测得到的O⁺在不同火星磁层区的数据和本文的理论曲线,推测得火星的内禀磁矩约为2×1017 T·cm3,这与美国最新的火星探测飞船MGS观测结果一致.     

17β-estradiol in vitro affects Na-dependent and depolarization-induced Ca2+ transport in rat brain synaptosomes

Effects of 17-estradiol (E₂) in vitro on Na-dependent Ca²⁺ efflux from, and depolarization-induced Ca²⁺ uptake into, the nerve cell were studied with the use of synaptosomes isolated from the brain stem, mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), caudate nucleus and the hippocampus of long-term ovariectomized adult female rats. It was found that E₂ (1) at a concentration of 10 nM or lower, stimulates Na-dependent Ca²⁺ efflux in the caudate nucleus and hippocampus, and does not affect the efflux in MRF and brain stem; (2) at concentrations above 10 nM has no effect on the Ca²⁺ efflux in any of the four structures investigated; and (3) produces a biphasic effect on the depolarization-induced Ca²⁺ uptake, increasing it in all structures except MRF at 10 nM concentration, and decreasing it at concentrations higher than 10 nM, irrespective of the structure investigated. These results suggest that E₂, acting at extranuclear sites, modulates synaptic transmission via alterations of Ca²⁺ transport mechanisms in nerve endings.     

Cytolytic and K+ channel blocking activities of β-KTx and scorpine-like peptides purified from scorpion venoms

Among the scorpion venom components whose function are poorly known or even show contrasting pharmacological results are those called “orphan peptides”. The most widely distributed are named β-KTx or scorpine-like peptides. They contain three disulfide bridges with two recognizable domains: a freely moving N-terminal amino acid sequence and a tightly folded C-terminal region with a cysteine-stabilized α/β (CS-αβ) motif. Four such peptides and three cloned genes are reported here. They were assayed for their cytolytic, antimicrobial and K ⁺ channel-blocking activities. Two main characteristics were found: the existence of an unusual structural and functional diversity, whereby the full-length peptide can lyse cells or kill microorganisms, and a C-terminal domain containing the CS-αβ motif that can block K ⁺ channels. Furthermore, sequence analyses and phylogenetic reconstructions are used to discuss the evolution of this type of peptide and to highlight the versatility of the CS-αβ structures. Received 13 August 2007; received after revision 30 October 2007; accepted 2 November 2007     

基于平均增益模型的连续型(1+1)进化算法计算时间复杂性分析

连续型进化算法的计算时间复杂性分析是进化计算理论研究的一项公开难题,目前相关研究成果较少.针对连续型(1+1)EA,基于适应值差函数提出了平均增益模型及其分析方法,给出了平均计算时间的计算理论,为算法的计算时间复杂性分析提供了依据.在此基础上,研究还选取了学术界关注的球形函数作为研究对象,分别推导了变异步长满足标准正态分布和均匀分布的连续型(1+1)EA在优化球形函数时的平均增益,并估算出了它们的平均计算时间.理论分析说明:1)两种算法的计算时间复杂性都是指数级的;2)在给定相同精度和初始适应值差的前提下,采用均匀分布变异算子的算法其寻优速度优于采用标准正态分布变异算子的算法.进一步地,通过数值实验对理论分析结果进行了验证,结果表明平均增益模型分析是有效的.     

肝癌细胞系Hep3B中CD133+细胞亚群的分离及其特性的研究

目的研究CD133在人肝癌细胞系Hep3B中的表达以及CD133+细胞的体外增殖、自我更新及体内成瘤能力,初步探讨肝癌中CD133+细胞亚群的干细胞特性。方法流式细胞仪检测未分选的Hep3B细胞中CD133+细胞表达情况;免疫磁珠分选技术纯化CD133+肿瘤细胞;MTT法检测CD133+细胞体外增殖能力;无血清培养纯化...     

Über das Cu2+-Bindungsvermögen einiger Aminosäuren und Peptide Metallionen und biologische Wirkung

Summary The capacity of binding copper ions of several aminoacids and peptides has been investigated. A direct colorimetric method measuring comparable values of bound Cu²⁺ has been developed.

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37. Mitteilung; 36. Mitteilung:R. Gall undH. Erlenmeyer, Helv. chim. Acta38, 1421 (1955).     

+热压烧结Ti3AlC2材料在空气中的恒温氧化行为

研究了热压烧结的Ti₃AlC₂ (含有2.8%(质量分数)的TiC)在900~1300℃空气中的恒温氧化行为. 结果表明, 该材料具有良好的抗高温氧化性能, 其氧化行为遵循抛物线规律. 随着温度升高, 氧化抛物线速率常数k_p从900℃的1.39×10^-10增大到1300℃的5.56 × 10^-9 kg²·m^-4·s^-1, 计算得到的氧化活化能为136.45 kJ/mol. 在900~1100℃时, 氧化产物为α-Al₂O₃和TiO₂; 当温度达到1200℃时, TiO₂开始部分地转变为Al2TiO5; 氧化温度升高到1300℃, Ti在氧化层中完全以Al₂TiO₅的形式存在. 氧化过程由Al³⁺和Ti⁴⁺的向外扩散和O^2-的向内扩散控制. Al³⁺和Ti⁴⁺的快速向外扩散在基体与氧化层界面处导致大量的缺陷的形成.     

May K+ ions stimulate the formation of cyclic AMP in the brain independently on their depolarizing action?

Summary The effect of potassium ions on the formation of adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) in the rat cerebral cortex in vivo was studied under conditions where development of spreading depression had been blocked by pretreatment of the cerebral cortex by topically applied magnesium ions. A linear relationship between potassium concentrations applied to the cortical surface and levels of cAMP has been found. Moreover, potentiation of the K⁺-effect by magnesium ions has been observed.     

钢花管压力注浆型抗滑挡墙在振清公路K64+600桥滑坡治理中的应用

钢管压力注浆型抗滑挡墙是一种将注浆方法与微型桩群方法联合使用的技术,可将滑坡中的一部分滑动体加固成抗滑体来达到对滑坡治理的目的。以振清5标K64+600桥滑坡为例,详细介绍钢管压力注浆微型桩设计、注浆参数的选定及抗滑挡墙的设计方案,并采用标准贯入试验和现场试验检验的方法,分析验证采用钢花管压力注浆型抗滑挡墙后滑坡土体的强度得到很大提高。结果表明,该方法加固效果显著,能够达到滑坡治理的目的。     

Intracellular organelles in the saga of Ca<Superscript>2+</Superscript> homeostasis: different molecules for different purposes?

An increase in the concentration of cytosolic free Ca²⁺ is a key component regulating different cellular processes ranging from egg fertilization, active secretion and movement, to cell differentiation and death. The multitude of phenomena modulated by Ca²⁺, however, do not simply rely on increases/decreases in its concentration, but also on specific timing, shape and sub-cellular localization of its signals that, combined together, provide a huge versatility in Ca²⁺ signaling. Intracellular organelles and their Ca²⁺ handling machineries exert key roles in this complex and precise mechanism, and this review will try to depict a map of Ca²⁺ routes inside cells, highlighting the uniqueness of the different Ca²⁺ toolkit components and the complexity of the interactions between them.     

Cu(CH3CN) 2 + , ein Mittel zum Studium homogener Reaktionen des einwertigen Kupfers in wässriger Lösung

Summary The quantitative acidimetric investigation (Bjerrum's method) of Cu^I coordination reactions in homogeneous aqueous medium is feasible by application of the easily accessible, well crystallized stable complex Cu(CH₃CN)₄ClO₄ in 0.1 to 1 molar CH₃CN aq., the stability of particles present in the system Cu^I, CH₃CN, H₂O being previously established polarographically. The advantage of the new acidimetric method lies in the possibility of investigating Cu^I in absence of Cu^II.