模拟退火算法求解矩形物体布局问题

介绍了矩形物体布局问题,提出了基于布置点的改进思想,在引入了新的个体表达方式和物体布局规则的基础上,提出了一种模拟退火算法求解矩形物体布局问题的新思路.实例表明该算法快速有效.     

基于空间分解的二维布局问题的启发式算法

一种基于空间分解的解决矩形物体布局问题的启发式方法。按照深度优先的原则将布局空间逐步分解，每次放入相对于当前布局空间来说是满足特定条件的最优布局块，并将该布局块定位于当前布局空间的左上角来不同大小矩形物体的布局方案。通过调整调序因子ＫＡ和ＫＢ的值，可得到满足不同要求的优化布局方案，所得布局方案均满足工业上一刀切的要求。实验结果及与其他算法的比较证明了该算法的灵活性和有效性。     

论矩形物体布局的启发式近似计算问题

针对待布局矩形物体在布局空间中可行位置，给出了其可行域的定义，并据此对待布局物体的摆放规则进行了讨论，提出了一种基于空间分解的启发式算法，实例计算表明了该算法是有效的。     

针对目标的布局启发式算法

为解决二维矩形布局问题，在广泛研究各种启发式方法的基础上，提出了基于目标的启发式算法．该算法在布局开始时确定布局目标，布局过程中综合运用多种策略，让每个局部最优解达到布局目标值，得到稳定的、可靠的全局解；并且简要分析了矩形正交布局的空间分解方法，提出了群组的基本策略以及布局的定序规则和定位规则、实验结果表明，算法具有较强实用性，布局效率提高2％以上．     

简单多边形裁剪及交并计算的统一算法

研究发现了简单多边形裁剪和交并计算的内在一致性，从工程角度出发，以解决不规则物体布局问题为最终目的，提出了解决简单多边形裁剪和交并计算的统一，切实可行的算法，为不规则物体布局问题的解决奠定了基础。     

解布局问题的并行模拟退火算法与实现技术

本文讨论了用并行模拟退火算法解决集成电路布局问题。并基于扩展角模块表（ECBL）表示方法，利用多马尔可夫链方法实现了布局问题的并行算法，同时提出了针对同步多马尔可夫链的改进的最早准则。对MCNC的标准例子的测试结果表明，并行模拟退火算法能够获得满意的加速比和较好的解质。     

基于空间优化的三维装箱布局混合遗传算法

针对三维装箱问题使用了一种便于空间优化的二维链表结构表达三维矩形物体布局状态空间分解方法和利用混合遗传算法产生待装物体的顺序序列.二维链表结构可以表达空间相连结点之间的关系,易于空间结点的重组,达到更好的利用空间;也可减少产生好的待装物体顺序序列的搜索次数.结合混合遗传算法的搜索方法,能在合理的时间内找到问题的满意解.经过实验表明通过这两种方法的结合本算法能取得较好的较果.     

基于蚁群算法的集装箱装载问题

探讨了蚁群算法在复杂集装箱装载问题中的应用．利用蚁群算法对解空间的搜索能力，结合二维链表结构的方法，对布局空间依次分割完成不同大小的三维矩形物体的装载，并给出了有效的编码形式和解码算法．通过对文献中提供的数据进行测试和比较说明本算法是有效的．     

二维矩形块布局的交叉熵方法实现

给定一个小矩形块集和一个固定宽度而高度变化的大矩形的二维布局问题,就是将这矩形集中的所有矩形正交布置于这个大矩形中,并且保证矩形块之间不发生重叠,目的就是使得布局后这个大矩形块的高度最小.本文提出通过DROP或DROPF (DROP FILL)的启发式解码策略与交叉熵算法相结合求解该类问题.试验结果显示,算法稳定有效,较经典元启发式算法在提高空间利用率上有较大提高.     

基于遗传-蚁群算法的不同形状物体的布局

针对不同形状物体布局的特点,依据遗传-蚁群算法的基本思想,分析了不同形状物体基因的编码、适应度函数的表示、信息素的更新机制以及在其约束条件下的相应操作,提出了不同形状物体的布局求解方案.仿真结果表明,该算法收敛速度快,可在较短时间内获得较佳的布局方案.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.