渗透蒸发膜的研制：聚丙烯酸与聚乙烯醇等共混及其缩醛化

以乙醇水溶液为分离对象，研究了聚丙烯酸（ＰＡＡ）与聚酰胺羧或聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）共混膜的渗透蒸发分离性能，以及均相，非均相缩醛反应对ＰＶＡ膜分离因素α和渗透通量Ｊ的影响。实验发现，戊二醛交联ＰＶＡ膜的α提高 到４９．５（乙醇含水Ｃ１＝１０％，温度为５５℃）；增加非均相缩甲醛反应时间，ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＡ共混膜的α先下降而后趋于不变，同时Ｊ存在一最大值。     

复合型纳滤膜的制备及表征

在聚砜基膜上用界面聚合法制备了两种复合型纳滤膜ＰＡ０１和ＰＡ０２。在０．３ＭＰａ下,ＰＡ０１膜对ＭｇＳＯ４溶液和ＦｅＣｌ３溶液的脱直 ９６．０％和７８．０％,水通量分别为８．５（Ｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｈ＾－１）和７．９（Ｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｈ＾－１）;ＰＡ０２膜对ＭｇＳＯ４ｉｐｗｋｉｙｗ （２．０ｇ．Ｌ＾－１）和ＣａＣｌ溶液（０．５ｇ．Ｌ＾－１）的脱盐率分别为９８．０％和８８．８％,水通量分别为１．０（Ｌ。ｍ＾     

有机硅膜对醇—水混合物的渗透汽化分离

在硅橡胶中加入交联剂，制备成有机硅膜．该膜对醇－水混合物具有良好的分离性能，实验表明：交联剂的用量，交联方式均对膜性能有很大的影响，膜内支撑材料和料液浓度对膜的渗透性能也有影响，ＨＶ法和ＲＴＶ法制得的透醇膜对酒精的选择因子分别约为７和５，其通量分别约为１５×１０－３ｋｇ／（ｍ２·ｈ）和４０×１０－３ｋｇ／（ｍ２·ｈ）．     

含氟微孔聚合物膜渗透蒸发分离乙醇／水混合物的研究

比较了几种含氟微孔聚合物作为透醇膜的醇／水渗透蒸发性质，具有适中孔径的疏水微孔聚四氟乙烯改性膜性能最佳。考察了料液温度与浓度对膜分离性能的影响。在最佳条件下，膜的分离系数为８．０４，透过通量达１０２５ｇ／ｍ＾２ｈ。在发酵时用该膜从发酵液中分离产物乙醇，使葡萄糖转化率与乙醇生产能力均获明显提高。     

精馏与渗透汽化复合生产ETBE的过程

为了分离乙基叔丁基醚（ＥＴＢＥ）和乙醇混合物,得到ＥＴＢＥ产品,研究了乙酸丙酸纤维素膜（ＣＡＰ）的渗透汽化过程,讨论了温度、浓度等因素对渗透通量和选择性的影响。结果表明,ＣＡＰ膜的渗透通量随温度和乙醇在混合物中的浓度增加而增加,渗透通量与温度的关系满足Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ形式的方程。在此基础上,提出了精馏与渗透汽化复合生产ＥＴＢＥ的过程,并运用ＡＳＰＥＮＰＬＵＳ软件对该过程进行了设计计算,汽液相平衡采用ＵＮＩＦＡＣ法进行预测。     

PVA＼PAN渗透汽化复合膜的制备与分离性能研究（I）

制备出了ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ渗透汽化复合膜，活性分离层ＰＶＡ的厚度为１－１０μｍ并将其用于乙醇－水混合物的分离，结果表明，热处理条件能显著影响ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ复合膜的渗透通量，渗透选择性和分离指数。通过实验确定了最佳的热处理温度和时间。     

PVA/PAN 渗透汽化复合膜的制备与分离性能研究(Ⅰ)——膜制备及处理条件的选择

制备出了ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ渗透汽化复合膜,活性分离层ＰＶＡ的厚度为１～１０μｍ,并将其用于乙醇－水混合物的分离．结果表明,热处理条件能显著影响ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ复合膜的渗透通量、渗透选择性和分离指数．通过实验确定了最佳的热处理温度和时间．     

Pb—Ag—Ca新型阳有在MnSO4—H2SO4溶液中腐蚀速度的测定

分别测定了ＰＡＣ电极（Ｐｂ－Ａｇ－Ｃａ新型阳极的简称）在ＭｎＳＯ４－Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中的阴极极化曲线及阳极极 线，从图中求得：ｉｃｏｒ＝１５．８５μＡ／ｃｍ＾２，ψωｒ＝－０．０９５Ｖ，Ｖｃｏｒ＝２．９５Ｋｇ／ｍ＾２ａｎｎ．７．９０％（电极重量每年消耗的百分数）ｉ。（２）＝５４．７０μＡ／ｃｍ＾２及ｉ。（３）＝１．１０μＡ／ｃｍ＾２；讨论了ＰＡＣ阳极的腐蚀机理即反应（２）受反应（３）的动力学参数所     

光合细菌Chromatium vinosum可溶性氢酶小亚基基因的克隆

光合细菌Ｃ．ｖｉｎｏｓｕｍ可溶性氢酶由５２ｋＤａ和２１．５ｋＤａ两个亚基组成。该酶大亚基Ｎ－末端氨基酸序列为：ＳＲＴＩＴＩＥＰＶＴＲＸＥＧＨＡＲ,小亚基Ｎ末端氨基酸序列为：ＳＴＱＰＫＩＴＶＡＴＸＬＤＧ。根据大、小亚基Ｎ－末端氨基酸序列设计两套引物,Ｐｒｉｍｅｒ１：５’ｇＡＴ（ｇＴｇＡＴ（ｇ／Ｃ）ｇＴｇＡＴ（ｇ／Ｃ）ｇＴ（ｇ／Ａ）Ｃｇ３’和Ｐｒｉｍｅｒ２：５’ＡｇＣ ＡＣ（Ｃ／ｇ）ＣＡｇＣＣ（Ｃ／ｇ     

PVC／PBA和PS／PBA两种LIPN的性能与相容性

通过对ＰＶＣ／ＰＢＡ（聚氯乙烯／聚丙烯酸丁酯）和ＰＳ／ＰＢＡ（聚苯乙烯／聚丙烯酸丁酯）两种ＬＩＰＮ的玻璃化转变温度Ｔｇ和动态力学等性能的测定，比较了它们的相容性和阻尼性能。实验结果表明ＰＶＣ／ＰＢＡＬＩＰＮ的相容性和阻尼性能较ＰＳ／ＰＢＡＬＩＰＮ更好     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.