掺杂对MoS_2基薄膜微观结构及力学性能的影响

采用磁控溅射沉积技术制备Ti、Si、C和N掺杂的复合MoS_2薄膜,通过X射线能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜Xray衍射、拉曼光谱研究了不同掺杂元素对MoS_2基薄膜成分及微观组织结构的影响,利用纳米压痕仪、球盘式摩擦磨损实验机对比分析了掺杂金属元素及不同非金属元素对MoS_2薄膜力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:MoS_2薄膜中掺杂均可有效抑制MoS_2柱状晶的形成,N原子的添加抑制了MoS_2(002)晶面生长,薄膜向无定型结构转变;Ti原子的掺入使MoS_2薄膜硬度增加,且呈现出良好的摩擦磨损性能;非金属元素Si的掺入有效地提高了MoS_2薄膜硬度,但对薄膜的摩擦性能具有负面影响.     

反应磁控溅射法制备的氟化类金刚石薄膜摩擦特性的研究

以高纯石墨做靶、CHF3/Ar为源气体采用磁控溅射法在不同射频功率条件下制备了氟化类金刚石(F-DLC)薄膜.利用原子力显微镜、纳米压痕、拉曼光谱、红外光谱和摩擦磨损测试仪对薄膜的表面形貌、硬度、键态结构以及摩擦学性能作了具体分析.测试结果表明,制备的薄膜整体较均匀致密,表现出了良好的抗磨减摩性能.当射频功率为120W时,薄膜的摩擦因数低至0.41左右.AFM和纳米压痕显示,薄膜摩擦因数受表面粗糙度和硬度影响,但并非成单调对应关系.拉曼和红外透射光谱表明,随着功率的增加,薄膜中的芳香环比例增加,sp3杂化含量减小,结果显示,CF2反振动强度的减弱和C—C链中较少量H原子的键入都可能得到相对较低的薄膜摩擦因数.     

Al质量分数对磁控溅射Ti_(1-x)Al_xN薄膜结构和摩擦学性能的影响

针对TiAlN薄膜耐磨性不够优异的问题,研究了Al质量分数对Ti_(1-x)Al_xN薄膜结构和摩擦学性能的影响。采用磁控溅射沉积技术制备了4种不同Al质量分数的Ti_(1-x)Al_xN薄膜。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)及X射线衍射仪(XRD),对薄膜的微观形貌、元素成分与晶体结构进行了表征。采用纳米压痕仪测试薄膜的硬度和弹性模量,用摩擦磨损试验机和白光干涉三维形貌仪测试薄膜的摩擦磨损性能。研究结果表明:随着Al质量分数在一定范围内的增加,薄膜从沿c-TiN(111)晶面生长逐渐转向h-AlN(200)晶面择优取向,Ti_(1-x)Al_xN薄膜疏松结构得到了改善,柱状结晶发生细化,表面形貌更加致密。同时,Ti_(1-x)Al_xN薄膜的硬度和弹性模量得到提高,磨损机理由严重的磨粒磨损、黏着磨损转变为轻微的磨粒磨损,平均体积磨损率降低。Ti_(0.67)Al_(0.33)N薄膜的综合性能最优,硬度和弹性模量分别为14.059 GPa和203.37 GPa,摩擦因数最低为0.182,平均体积磨损率为1.321×10~(-8) mm~3/(N·m),呈现出较好的摩擦学性能。     

V掺杂对类金刚石薄膜性能的影响

通过磁控溅射的方法,使用石墨靶、V靶复合拼接靶,以氩气作为辅助气体,成功制备了不同原子分数的V掺杂类金刚石薄膜。采用拉曼光谱仪、电子探针X射线显微分析仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、纳米压痕仪、薄膜应力仪、往复摩擦磨损试验机等设备研究了V掺杂对类金刚石薄膜微观结构、力学性能、摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,V掺杂提高了类金刚石薄膜的力学性能,当薄膜中V的原子分数为54.28%时,薄膜的硬度和弹性模量分别为14.1 GPa和147.6 GPa。掺杂V后,薄膜中生成了V₂O₅,降低了薄膜的耐磨性能。这主要是因为V促进了sp³杂化C数量的增加,并且在摩擦过程中,薄膜中的sp³杂化C的数量进一步增加,导致其硬度升高,耐磨性能下降。     

磁过滤阴极真空弧法制备纳米nc—ZrCN／a—C：H（N）复合膜

采用磁过滤阴极真空弧法,以C2H2和N2混合气体为反应气体在单晶硅上沉积纳米nc-ZrCN/a-C:H(N)复合膜, 用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜的能谱仪(SEM-EDS)和X射线电子能谱(XPS)研究了薄膜的成分和结构.实验结果表明薄膜结构是由ZrCN晶粒镶嵌在无定形碳和碳氮化合物基体中;膜中的化合键主要以Zr-C, C=C(sp2)和C-C(sp3)形式存在;随着混合气体流量的增加,薄膜的锆原子分数减小,而N和C的原子分数逐渐增大.     

采用双等离子体制备非晶态碳膜的研究

采用直流金属磁过滤阴极真空弧(FCVA)制造出Ti和乙炔(C2H2)气体的双等离子体在单晶硅(100)上制备非晶态碳膜.重点研究了乙炔气体和过滤线圈电流对非晶态碳膜的结构、形貌和机械性能的影响.研究结果表明,薄膜中主要成分是TiC,并以(111)作为主晶向;随着过滤线圈电流的增大,薄膜的晶粒度越来越小;薄膜表面的粗糙度逐渐减小,变得更加平整;薄膜的应力减小,可以下降到2.5 GPa.薄膜的显微硬度和弹性模量随着C2H2体积流qV(C2H2)的增大而降低,硬度和弹性模量分别可以达到33.9 GPa和237.6 GPa.非晶态碳膜的摩擦因数在0.1～0.25之间,大大低于衬底材料单晶硅片的摩擦因数0.6.随着过滤线圈电流增大,摩擦因数减小.     

镁合金表面磁控溅射SiC薄膜的摩擦磨损性能

采用室温磁控溅射技术在镁合金(AZ91D)表面制备出SiC(碳化硅)薄膜,利用纳米压痕仪、摩擦磨损试验机对薄膜的纳米力学性能和膜基系统的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究.试验结果表明:此薄膜具有低纳米硬度(12.39 GPa)、低弹性模量(78.93 GPa)和高硬弹比(0.157);膜基系统具有好的摩擦磨损性能,在以氮化硅球为对磨件的室温干摩擦条件下磨损速率在10-5mm3·m-1·N-1级,摩擦系数约为0.248,薄膜未出现裂纹和剥落.分析表明,此膜基系统具有良好抗磨性能与其薄膜具有低的硬度和高的硬弹比、膜基系统具有好的弹性模量匹配是相一致的.SiC薄膜的低纳米硬度、低弹性模量系基材镁所致.     

沉积偏压对2024铝合金表面类金刚石薄膜结构及性能的影响

利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术,在2024铝合金表面制备类金刚石(DLC)薄膜,以改善铝合金表面机械性能。利用拉曼光谱及红外光谱,对不同沉积偏压下制备DLC薄膜的成分及结构进行表征;利用摩擦磨损试验机、纳米压痕仪及台阶仪等,分别对不同沉积偏压下制备DLC薄膜的耐磨性、硬度、弹性模量及薄膜厚度进行检测,并探讨了沉积偏压对薄膜结构及性能的影响规律及影响机制。研究表明:随着沉积偏压增大(1 800～2 600 V),薄膜厚度、硬度及弹性模量均先增大后减小。当沉积偏压为2 400 V时,DLC薄膜厚度最厚,硬度及弹性模量最高。当沉积偏压为2 600 V时,薄膜的H/(Ef)最高,并且摩擦系数从基体的0.492降低至0.095 8。     

氮化硅表面生长金刚石薄膜及其摩擦磨损性能研究

目的研究金刚石耐磨涂层的摩擦磨损性能,以提高工件的使用寿命.方法利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积技术在氮化硅陶瓷基体表面制备金刚石薄膜.采用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和拉曼光谱仪对不同参数的金刚石薄膜进行结构表征,利用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机在干摩擦条件下对薄膜的摩擦学性能进行研究.结果制备的金刚石薄膜表面粗糙度小,结合力良好;金刚石涂层有效降低了氮化硅表面的摩擦因数与磨损率,摩擦因数约为0.12~0.25.在微波功率8 k W、腔体气压6 k Pa、甲烷体积分数8%的参数下制得的涂层具有最低的摩擦因数(0.12)和磨损率(1.18×10-7mm3/(N·m)).结论在氮化硅基体表面沉积金刚石薄膜可以提高氮化硅材料的摩擦磨损性能,提高工件寿命.     

Al_2O_3和SiO_2质量分数配比对铜基粉末冶金制动材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

为了提高制动闸片的使用性能,采用粉末冶金技术制备Al_2O_3和SiO_2质量分数配比分别为2∶6、4∶4、6∶2和8∶0的铜基摩擦材料,测定其密度和硬度。用MM1000-Ⅱ型摩擦磨损试验机测试其摩擦磨损性能;用扫描电镜观察其表面的摩擦形貌,并分析其摩擦磨损机制。分析结果表明:随着Al_2O_3质量分数的增加,制动材料的孔隙率减小,布氏硬度增加。当制动初速度较低(2303 r/min)时,随着Al_2O_3质量分数的增加,制动材料的摩擦因数减小,耐磨性能逐渐提高;当制动初速度较高(5 757 r/min)时,随着Al_2O_3质量分数的增加,制动材料的摩擦因数减小,耐磨性能先升高后降低。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.