PLGA的合成、表征及其导管支架的制备

用质量百分比为80％的L-丙交酯与20％的乙交酯进行开环聚合,得到聚（L-丙交酯-CO-乙交酯）（80／20）,并用红外光谱和氢核磁共振光谱进行了表征．对合成条件与PLGA相对分子量的关系进行了研究．研究结果表明,合成高分子量PLGA的最优条件是：聚合温度为140℃,反应时间为48h,单体与引发剂的摩尔比（n（M）／n（I））为8000／1．结合溶液浇铸与盐沥滤技术,PLGA被制作成多孔导管支架．PLGA导管支架具有相互连通的孔墙结构．     

羟基化合物存在下醇铁催化丙交酯开环聚合机理研究

以乙醇铁、正丁醇铁为催化剂,研究了在丙交酯/醇铁的聚合体系中引入羟基化合物催化丙交酯开环聚合的机理。羟基化合物为苄醇时,聚合产物分子是以苄氧基和乳酰基为端基的聚乳酸(PLA),聚合产物的分子量受丙交酯/苄醇摩尔投料比控制;当羟基化合物为聚乙二醇(PEG)时,聚合产物的分子结构为PLA-PEG-PLA的三嵌段共聚物,分子链的端基结构均为乳酰基结构单元,聚合产物的LA/PEG摩尔比与投料比基本一致,醇铁在其中起促进PEG参与聚合成酯的作用。这些结果表明在含羟基化合物的丙交酯/醇铁聚合体系中,羟基化合物作为共引发剂参与了丙交酯的开环聚合。在聚合过程中,羟基化合物首先与醇铁作用形成一种复合物,在这种复合物作用下,丙交酯的酰氧键断裂,按配位-插入机理进行增长。     

扩链剂丙交酯季戊四醇酯的制备及表征

采用丙交酯和季戊四醇在催化剂辛酸亚锡作用下合成丙交酯季戊四醇酯,用红外光谱仪和核磁共振仪表征了其结构,凝胶渗透色谱仪表征了分子量和分子量分布.结果表明,丙交酯季戊四醇酯具有适中的分子量、端羟基且主体结构较稳定等特点,可作为扩链剂参与聚合聚氨酯等嵌段共聚物.     

脯氨醇衍生物配位异丙醇铝催化丙交酯聚合

以脯氨醇为起始原料,经过5步反应,最后一步通过Mannich反应获得了新型手性配体H2L.配体H2L配位异丙醇铝得到配合物5,对配合物5催化外消旋丙交酯催化聚合和催化聚合过程动力学进行研究.研究结果表明,配合物能有效地催化外消旋丙交酯聚合并能获得低分子量分布的聚合物,聚合过程的动力学表明,催化聚合反应过程是可控的,可利用反应时间或者加入丙交酯单体的量,控制聚丙交酯的分子量.     

PGA,PLA,PGLA碱处理改性及降解性能

采用NaOH对聚乙交酯(polyglycolic acid,PGA)、聚丙交酯(polylactic acid,PLA)及聚乙交酯丙交酯(poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide),PGLA)纤维进行处理.将一定量的试样纤维置于温度为37℃和pH值为7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中进行3周的体外降解试验.通过测定纤维熔点、接触角、质量损失、强力损失以及纤维表面形态,对PGA,PLA及PGLA纤维碱处理后的热力学降解性能进行研究探讨.研究表明,碱处理后PLA的熔点略有升高,PGA和PGLA的熔点略有降低,3种纤维的水接触角、质量和强力减小;降解过程中PGA和PGLA的质量损失和强力损失显著,而PLA变化很小.     

聚L-丙交酯的制备及其热稳定性能的研究

对聚丙交酯的合成和热稳定性进行了研究。单体重结晶次数、辛酸亚锡浓度、聚合时间等条件均是影响聚合物特性粘数的重要因素。热稳定剂对聚丙交酯的分子量几乎没有影响。优化聚合条件可以获得粘均分子量大于200000的聚丙交酯材料,聚合结果具有良好的重复性。实验表明在高于聚合物熔点温度以上,聚丙交酯表现出热不稳定性。热稳定剂ULTRONOX 626A能够有效降低聚丙交酯的热降解幅度。     

聚酯类生物降解材料的结构与性质

以精制的乙交酯(GA)、丙交酯(dl-LA)为单体制得了聚乙交酯(PGA)、聚丙交酯(PLA)和乙交酯与丙交酯以不同组成比的共聚物。用红外光谱、核磁共振、热分析和X-射线衍射分析确定了该系列聚合物的结构与性质。用毛细管流变仪研究了PGA和PGLA910熔体的粘弹性,这为选择合适的纺丝条件提供依据,并将该系列聚合物埋入动物体内进行体内降解试验。结果表明,该类聚合物无毒性,60天后可被动物体吸收。这是一类应用前景十分广阔的生物降解材料,可用作可吸收医用缝线,外科植入材料等。     

以二乙醇胺为共引发剂的PLA的合成与表征

以辛酸亚锡[sn(oct)2]为催化剂，二乙醇胺(DEA)为共引发剂在130℃进行DL-丙交酯开环聚合环聚合36h,单体转化率平均约为75%,基本上与DEA投料比无关.^H NMR分析结果表明，DEA参与了引发丙交酯的开环聚合，DL-丙交酯是沿着DEA分子两端开环聚合，分子链的链端结构为以羟基为端基的丙交酯结构单元。聚合物的相对分子质量和Tg随DEA投料比增加而降低；^1H NMR法测定的相对分子质量均比根据投料比计算的小，这主要与聚合体系中由于杂质如水份和氧存在有关；与只用Sn(Oct)2催化聚合的聚丙交酯相比，用DEA作共引发剂而得的聚合物有更强的亲水性，且随着DEA投料比的增大而增强。     

L-丙交酯高浓度长晶体的合成

为得到L-丙交酯浓度较高的D,L-丙交酯晶体混合物,本文研究了乳酸为原料,用减压蒸馏法合成丙交酯的优化工艺条件.对催化剂的选择和用量、反应时间、反应温度等工艺进行了考察和研究,确定了丙交酯的优化反应工艺条件.采用优化反应工艺条件聚合得到晶体长度约为5~10 μm的长条状D,L-丙交酯晶体混合物,混合物中L-丙交酯的浓度较高,为76.5%.      

羟基乙酸均聚物PGA的合成及表征

以实验室合成的羟基乙酸二聚体乙交酯为原料，经乙交酯开环聚合合成高相对分子质量的聚羟基乙酸，对乙交酯在不同催化剂作用下的开环聚合成的均聚物进行了研究．结果表明，单体结晶次数、催化剂浓度、聚合时间等条件是影响聚合物特性黏度系数的重要因素．合成了满足要求的聚乙交酯，并提供了合理的工艺流程．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.