煤层水力割缝自吸磨料喷嘴特性与参数

针对煤矿纯水射流割缝遇硬煤失效,而磨料射流割缝技术难以实现磨料连续添加等问题,基于引射原理,采用前后双喷嘴结构,设计出一种自吸式磨料射流割缝喷嘴,可以连续吸入割缝产生的煤粒形成磨料射流,提高割缝能力.通过液固两相数值模拟,发现煤粒在喷嘴内经历了3个加速阶段:吸入口加速段、混合腔加速段和后喷嘴加速段.以提高吸入量和最终煤粒的速度为指标,得到喷嘴的最优结构:前喷嘴直径为3 mm,后喷嘴直径为5 mm,后喷嘴长度15 mm.对比割缝实验结果表明,自吸式磨料射流割缝喷嘴的割缝效率较传统割缝喷嘴明显提高.     

焦油裂解低压引射式燃烧器的结构优化研究

对焦油裂解低压引射式燃烧器进行了研究,利用FLUENT进行数值模拟,研究喷嘴直径d、燃气流量v、喷嘴距壁面距离L这三个参数对焦油裂解的影响.通过采用正交试验比较不同参数下的焦油裂解面积,得到最优参数组合并采用实验验证数值模拟结果.数值模拟与实验结果表明:喷嘴直径d对焦油裂解的影响最大,喷嘴到壁面距离和燃气流量为次要影响;且当喷嘴直径d=4 mm,喷嘴距壁面距离L=18 mm,燃气流量v=0.10 m3/h时,焦油裂解效果最好.     

双射流破岩钻孔参数实验研究

双射流是由中心直射流和同轴的环形旋转射流形成的一种新型高效射流,用双射流能够克服门限压力与高破岩比能的制约而高效破岩。采用破岩实验研究了喷嘴锥角、叶片出口角、内喷嘴直径、喷距和压力5个主要参数对双射流破岩效果的影响。结果表明,喷嘴入口锥角为60°、叶片出口角为18°的喷嘴产生的射流具有较强的破岩能力;当双射流喷嘴当量直径一定时,大的内喷嘴直径获得的破岩深度较大但会减小破岩体积;实验条件下,双射流破岩的最优喷距为10~20 mm,破岩门限压力为20~25 MPa,破岩体积随压力的增加而增加。     

双射流破岩钻孔参数实验研究

双射流是由由心直射流和同轴的环形旋转射流形成的一种新型高效射流,用双射流能够克服门限压力与高破岩比能的制约而高效破岩.采用破岩实验研究了喷嘴锥角、叶片出口角、内喷嘴直径、喷距和压力5个主要参数对双射流破岩效果的影响.结果表明,喷嘴入口锥角为60°、叶片出口角为18°的喷嘴产生的射流具有较强的破岩能力;当双射流喷嘴当量直径一定时,大的内喷嘴直径获得的破岩深度较大但会减小破岩体积;实验条件下,双射流破岩的最优喷距为10～20 mm,破岩门限压力为20～25 MPa,破岩体积随压力的增加而增加.     

自激脉冲空化射流装置的冲蚀效果

运用正交实验方法,研究了自激脉冲空化水射流喷嘴装置的结构参数(腔室直径和下游喷嘴长度)对冲蚀效果的影响。在此基础上作者选用较优参数组合的自激喷嘴装置与传统用13°锥角喷嘴进行了对比冲蚀实验,研究了自激脉冲空化水射流的体积冲蚀速度随靶距和泵压的变化规律。     

高压气液两相射流冲击破煤特性

目前,水力割缝技术已经成为治理煤矿瓦斯灾害,实现煤层卸压增透的主要手段之一.高压气液两相射流作为一种新型高效的多介质强力射流,在冲蚀破岩性能上优于传统单介质射流.为了提高高压气液两相射流的破煤性能和卸压增透效果,通过改变高压气液两相射流的含气率、射流压力、冲击靶距以及喷嘴直径等基本参数,并结合超声波系统,探究了关键参数对两相射流冲击破煤的影响.结果表明:高压气液两相射流的冲击侵蚀破煤比传统纯水射流效果更显著,并且当含气率Fa=30%,射流压力Pw=10 MPa,冲击靶距Ds=300 mm,喷嘴直径Dn=3.5 mm时,气液两相射流冲击破煤的效果更好.试验研究结果对于含气率、射流压力、冲击靶距及喷嘴直径等关键参数的选择提供了合理的参考,有效地提高了高压气液两相射流冲击破煤的效果.     

高压水射流切割HTPB推进剂的实验分析

为考察高压水射流对HTPB推进剂在安全条件下的冲击效应和主要射流参数在不同工况条件下的切割效果,利用自研的实验平台,在出口压力60～100 MPa的安全范围内,开展了高压水射流切割HTPB推进剂的实验研究。通过正交实验,以质量损失率为衡量指标,完成了固定式切割中出口压力、靶距、喷嘴直径和喷头转速4个参数的优化。以固定条件下的射流参数为基础,以质量损失率及切割深度为衡量指标,分析得出移动式切割中出口压力、靶距和横移速度3个因素对切割效果的影响规律。实验结果表明：固定式切割中的射流参数存在最佳值,即当出口压力为96 MPa、靶距为20 mm、喷嘴直径为0.3 mm、转速为3 000 r/min时,切割损失率最高为68.3%。在此工况下开展移动式切割实验可知,质量损失率和切割深度与出口压力的增大基本呈正比关系,与靶距的增大呈反比关系,并且随横移速度的增加呈衰减趋势。     

双质子化4，4-联吡啶四氟硼酸盐分子结构的DFT分析

用Becke三参数混合泛函B3LYP和3-21G*基组,对双质子化4,4′-联吡啶阳离子分子结构进行优化,得到的键长和键角等几何参数和单品结构测定值接近。但是联吡啶中的两个吡啶环之间的二面角与单晶结构测定的结果不同,DFT计算的二面角θ=51.48°,而实验测定值θ=0°,进一步探讨了造成这种差异的原因。     

聚晶金刚石复合片钻头喷嘴倾角组合的流场特性

为了解决番禺地区珠江组快速钻进中出现的PDC钻头泥包问题,在实体PDC钻头计算模型基础上,运用数值模拟方法,采用标准 两方程模型对主喷嘴和辅助喷嘴不同喷射倾角组合进行井底流场特性研究,最优化喷嘴角度组合。结果表明：主刀翼1号喷嘴喷射倾角20°、3号喷嘴喷射倾角15°能使井底流场分布最优;远离主刀翼的4号和5号喷嘴喷射倾角变化对井底流场影响较大,适当增加这两个喷嘴喷射倾角有利于井底岩屑快速排出;2号喷嘴喷射倾角在限定范围内变化,对井底流场影响有限。最后,1-5号喷嘴喷射倾角分别按照20°、25°、15°、25°和25°组合布置,应用于个性化215.9mm五刀翼PDC钻头设计中,在实钻中取得了良好的进尺和机械钻速,成功解决钻头泥包。     

两种Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(9-x)超导材料的相分析

实验 样品为不同配方,不同烧结工艺烧结的圆片状(φ13mm)多晶体试样,序号为nη3和nμ4。低温磁性实验及电阻的测量结果表明,nμ3有较好的超导性。 两种样品在同一条件下进行实验,使用转靶X射线衍射仪,Co靶,V=50kV,I=180mA。连续扫描后,选择四个主要衍射峰做阶梯扫描。广角连续扫描自2θ=10°到2θ=145°。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.