含DG配电网潮流算法及在网损分析中的应用研究

分布式电源(DG)在并入配电网以后,由于各种分布式电源数学模型的不同,潮流计算中不能将其简单地处理为传统方法能够计算的PQ节点.本文分析了几种常见的DG模型,针对前推回代法不能处理PV等类型节点的问题,探究了潮流计算中各种节点的转化方法,考虑到PV、PI、PQ(V)型的节点无功功率不是恒定值,利用无功补偿对前推回代潮流算法进行改进.将改进型的前推回代算法在IEEE 33节点系统中进行大量测试,在DG并网以后,系统各节点电压值增大、网损减小,计算结果表明本文研究的DG模型和改进型的前推回代法是可行的,算法具有良好的收敛性能,计算方便快捷.     

基于改进前推回代法的配电网潮流计算实用算法

分析了前推回代法算法在配电网潮流计算中的应用,对其处理环网和PV节点的能力进行了研究,提出了一种可以计算含PV节点和弱环同实际配电网潮流计算的方法。     

改进的前推回代法在含分布式电源配电网计算中的应用

针对含分布式电源(DG)的接入会使传统的前推回代法失效的问题,对DG并网后的前推回代法进行了改进.由于传统的无功初值取值方法与实际值偏差较大,使迭代次数增加,本算法基于无功分摊原理确定PV型DG的无功初值,改进了无功修正值的求法.传统的前推回代法不能处理PV型节点,因此需要把PV节点转换为PQ节点进行求解,给出了无功修正量与节点的电压偏差和节点电抗的关系.结果表明:对于PV恒定型DG单独并网时的潮流,PV型DG从1～3台并网计算中,分别迭代到5、7、7次收敛,收敛次数增加小于2次,迭代时间增加少于0.01 s;同时给出了PQ型和PI型DG单独、混合并网时的计算结果,各方案的迭代次数小于10次,时间增加小于0.01 s,说明本算法对解决PQ、PI和PV节点单独、混合接入DG的潮流计算问题的正确性.     

一种配电网Zbus潮流算法

针对Zbus高斯算法处理配电网PV节点能力弱、计算量大,忽略平衡节点的三相不对称问题,提出一种新的配电网Zbus潮流算法.该算法从基于叠加原理的改进Zbus算法出发,用补偿法处理PV节点,对网络方程进行虚实部分解,得到简单的雅克比矩阵;通过引入内电势节点来处理平衡节点处的三相电压不平衡问题.算例分析表明该算法计算速度快,收敛性和稳定性较好,克服了Zbus高斯算法的弱点.     

基于越限风险评估的分布式光伏电源接入配电网适应性研究

为合理评价现状配电网对规划分布式光伏电源的适应性,针对分布式光伏电源接入配电网引起的电压和潮流越限问题,讨论了典型接入配电网拓扑和接线模式,并在MATLAB/Simulink环境下建立了含分布式光伏电源模型的IEEE34标准节点配电网络系统.考虑到分布式光伏电源的随机出力扰动和负荷波动给配电网运行带来的风险,建立节点电压越限和支路潮流越限风险评估指标模型,分析了相同节点对不同容量电源的接纳能力,重点讨论了分布式光伏电源接入配电网准入容量.以配电网典型实际参数为例进行仿真实验,仿真结果验证了应用风险评估指标模型评估分布式电源接入配电网适应性的合理性.     

配电网的回路阻抗法潮流计算与仿真可视化

提出了一种用于配电网快速潮流计算和仿真信息可视化的新方法:结合十字链表与关联矩阵,给出了阻抗矩阵自动生成算法,并可以任意顺序求解各支路电流和各内节点电压;提出了基于right-looking LU分解法的并行高斯消去算法,利用GPU(图形处理器)加速求解复系数回路阻抗方程组;采用GIS(地理信息系统)和虚拟现实技术,对潮流计算结果进行仿真可视化.仿真算例表明,该方法对节点编号无特殊要求,适用于有环、无环的配电网潮流计算,具有计算速度快、精度高、仿真结果显示直观形象的优点.     

含分布电源配电网多时段线性化二阶锥松弛算法研究

针对分布式电源接入配电网影响系统电压分布和潮流分析、造成系统电能质量下降的问题,建立系统优化模型,对系统电压、潮流进行分析与优化,提出含分布式电源的配电网多时段线性化二阶锥松弛优化算法。对分布式电源接入的配电网进行潮流分析,建立分布式配电网最优潮流优化模型;对分布式配电网潮流优化模型进行简化处理,针对潮流分析中非凸非线性,提出多时段二阶锥松弛优化算法;针对电容器组、有载调压变压器的非凸非线性问题,进行分段线性化处理。仿真结果表明,提出的算法能合理调度有载调压变压器、电容器组和分布电源的出力,有效降低网损,减小电网电压偏差。     

计及分布式电源的配电网潮流和断线故障分析算法

介绍了分布式电源(DG)与配电网互联的两种常用接口方式,对异步发电机和太阳能电池两种典型DG的运行方式和控制特性进行了研究.建立了各自在潮流计算中所需的数学模型,提出了计及两种DG的交直流混合迭代潮流计算方法,并在此基础上通过考虑配电网特性对灵敏度分析法进行简化,使得该方法能够快速求解断线故障模式下的系统状态,也适合于计及不同DG形式的多电源配电网系统.通过对Kumamoto 15节点配电网系统进行测试,验证了所提出的潮流计算方法以及故障算法的有效性和合理性,为进一步研究DG对电网的影响奠定了基础.     

基于回路分析的配电网电压及网损灵敏度分析方法研究

针对分布式电源的接入对配电网安全稳定运行的影响,采用回路分析法来获取配电网运行参数的变化量.首先利用回路分析法将配电网转化为电路的形式,结合电压波动理论及分布式电源接入前后效果分析,然后利用叠加定理对支路电流进行叠加,利用回支关联矩阵来构建节点电压、线路损耗的灵敏度矩阵来分析节点电压变化和网络损耗变化,最后在IEEE33节点配电系统上仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

适应于可再生能源接入下配电网极限线损的计算方法

随着可再生能源的开发与利用大幅提升, 分布式的电源接入给中压配电网潮流分布带来了波动性和不确定性, 从而加大了线损计算的难度, 不利于电网经济性考核指标的制定. 因此, 极限线损的计算方法与模型越来越引起重视. 提出了一种基于半不变量的配电网极限线损计算模型, 以实现含可再生能源配电网极限线损的快速计算. 首先, 分别依据潮流计算与统计数据进行计算, 得到配电网各节点与电源的各阶半不变量; 然后, 用 Gram-Charlier (GC) 级数展开式计算得到各个状态变量的分布函数与概率密度函数; 最后, 根据置信区间确定配电网极限线损. 以 IEEE34 节点系统为算例, 分析了不同节点分布式电源接入对配电网的影响, 验证了应用半不变量法的线损计算模型的计算精度及其在大规模配电网应用中的计算速度优势.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.