福建长乐海岸沙丘沉积序列记录的海岸环境演变

福建长乐海岸是中国东部海岸沙丘分布最典型的区域之一.选取长乐东部的海岸沙丘分布区,在研究区平行布设2条垂直海岸带的探测剖面,运用探地雷达技术探测以获取海岸带沉积构造信息,并结合海岸沙丘探坑剖面和海岸演变历史地图的对比分析,对探测获得的海岸沙丘沉积构造和沉积序列进行综合分析.结果表明:1)研究区海岸沙丘沉积主要由海滩沉积和海岸风沙沉积构成,其中下伏沉积为海洋波浪作用形成的波状层理,上覆沉积为风力作用为主形成的交错层理,这些沉积构造特征在探测线附近的探坑剖面上有清晰的反映;2)在沉积序列的组合特征上,研究区海岸环境存在早期的滨岸浅滩和晚期的海岸沙丘带两个演变阶段,记录了长乐海岸向东的进积演变历史.结合研究区历史时期海岸演变地图分析,所探测海岸沙丘的沉积序列,长乐海岸沙丘记录了由汉代至唐宋时期以波浪作用为主,逐渐演变为清代以来以风沙沉积作用为主的外力作用变化过程.     

乍得Doseo盆地白垩系层序地层与沉积体系

利用层序地层学理论,综合分析地震和钻井资料,对乍得Doseo盆地白垩系地层层序界面特征、沉积类型、沉积体系分布及生储盖组合进行系统分析。研究结果表明:研究区识别出6个层序界面,划分为2个二级层序,5个三级层序;三级层序内依准层序组叠置样式,可细分为低位体系域、湖侵体系域和高位体系域。沉积类型主要有5种类型,即滨浅湖、三角洲、辫状三角洲、冲积河流及半深湖—深湖。沉积演化形成4种沉积体系,即分布广泛的湖泊沉积体系、盆地南缘三角洲沉积体系、盆地北缘辫状三角洲沉积体系及早期SQ1层序和晚期SQ5层序中发育的冲积河流沉积体系,前三者主要分布在SQ2,SQ3和SQ4层序中,构造活动及古地貌控制沉积体系的分布。生储盖组合可分为顶生式、正常式和自生自储式,SQ2,SQ3和SQ4层序能形成有利生储盖组合,预测有利生油区和储集区,湖侵期的暗色泥岩是最有利生油区,低位期和高位期的砂体是有利储集区。     

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷古近系文昌组地震层序地层单元定量识别

采用的定量识别技术对地层单元进行识别,充分利用地震属性信息,进行属性体约束下的层序界面自动追踪,借助Wheeler域转换实现层序单元定量划分.通过无井控条件下的恩平凹陷古近系文昌组的地震层序地层单元定量识别研究,建立等时地层单元及组合形态的地质模式,识别出2个准二级层序,并进一步划分出6个三级层序(SQ1～SQ6);以SQ6层序为例,对其最大洪泛面进行定量识别,进一步将SQ6层序高位体系域复合前积体分为Ⅰ幕与Ⅱ幕,2幕前积体内各识别出2期次一级沉积体.研究结果表明:定量识别技术在无井区可识别三级层序界面、体系域界面以及典型沉积体内幕期次,效果良好.     

珠江口盆地白云北坡韩江组层序格架及富砂沉积体研究

通过钻井、测井、地震资料分析,并利用层序地层学、地震沉积学等方法,对珠江口盆地白云北坡韩江组的层序地层格架、体系域和富砂沉积体进行研究。结果表明:SQhj1层序体系域可四分为低位体系域(LST)、海侵体系域(TST)、高位体系域(HST)和下降体系域(FSST),SQhj2层序可划分出低位体系域、海侵体系域及高位体系域,其中低位体系域具有两期特征,可细分为LST1和LST2;SQhj1层序的FSST三角洲砂体和SQhj2层序的低位扇体是研究区重要的富砂沉积体,SQhj1层序FSST中的三角洲前缘近端坝、远端坝以及SQhj2层序LST1和LST2中的斜坡水道复合体、盆底扇以及低位楔三角洲前缘砂体等均为有利的富砂沉积体;SQhj1、SQhj2沉积层序发育演化受盆地古地貌、同沉积断裂及断裂坡折带、沉积物供以及海平面变化等因素的影响。     

宽浅型湖盆层序地层学研究:以塔里木盆地古近系为例

基于塔里木盆地古近系虽然沉积厚度较小,但沉积相类型丰富(包括河流相、湖泊相、三角洲相、冲积扇相和碳酸盐岩台地相等),综合野外露头资料、测井资料以及地震资料进行分析。研究结果表明:古近系可识别出5个层序界面,划分出4个三级层序;除第1层序分布较局限外,其他层序在塔里木盆地均有分布;塔里木盆地古近系层序的分布特征受到古地貌的控制,塔里木盆地内部地势相对平坦,沉积期水体浅;宽浅型湖盆层序内部以低位体系域和湖侵体系域为主,局部发育高位体系域;在盆地边缘的坳陷区,各层序体系域发育齐全,沉积厚度较大;与一般陆相三级层序不同的是,宽浅型湖泊层序低位体系域最发育,湖侵体系域沉积厚度小,且沉积物粒度细,高位体系域发育不全,多被剥蚀。     

河北昌黎海岸沙丘粒度参数特征的风沙环境意义

海岸带的风沙活动规律是沙质海岸演变研究的重要内容。文章以中国温带季风区昌黎翡翠岛沙丘海岸作为研究区,对不同地貌单元表层沙粒度参数及其反映的风动力时空变化特征进行系统分析。在此基础上,以风沙沉积剖面的OSL年龄作为时间标尺,以风成沙平均粒径作为风力强度的代用指标,提取海岸风沙沉积记录的风力强度变化序列,为海岸风沙治理及保护管理提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)研究区沙丘沙具有典型的风成沙特征,表层沙样以横向沙脊沙平均粒径最大,而横向沙脊表层沙样又具有自丘顶向两侧坡脚粗化的趋势,分选程度由迎风坡向背风坡逐渐变好;(2)各个探坑剖面的粒度参数均呈现出较为明显的波动变化,其中丘间地剖面粒度参数变化幅度整体上大于横向沙脊剖面;(3)近200 a来,海岸风沙平均粒径指示的冬季风盛衰变化历史可以划分为1760—1820 AD(冬季风强度整体较弱)、1821—1900 AD(冬季风相对强盛)和1901AD至今(冬季风活动波动减弱)三个阶段。     

潮坪沉积韵律与沉积间断

淅西及长江三角洲南翼潮坪剖面均显示，微型层序和小型层序是潮坪沉积的基本组成单元，潮汐说认为，潮坪层序中砂质单层是在大潮汐期间形成的，而泥质单层是在小潮期间形成的潮坪观测证明，砂质单层是风暴沉积，而泥质单层是正常天气的沉积单元，砂，泥质单层共同组成一个支序（风暴序列），风暴沉积在潮坪层序中占重要地位，大小潮沉积旋回的概念不适合于长江三角洲一类的非潮道潮坪。     

塔里木盆地塔中和满西地区石炭系层序地层

应用地震、钻井、测井、岩芯及分析化验资料,将塔里木盆地塔中和满西地区石炭系划分为3个地震地层层序与6个沉积层序,其中CⅠ与CⅡ层序为Ⅰ型层序,CⅢ～CⅥ层序为Ⅱ型层序.与标准的Ⅰ型层序比较,区内Ⅰ型层序低位体系域以河流沉积体系为特征,缺失盆底扇、斜坡进积复合体等深水沉积体系;Ⅱ型层序中陆架边缘体系域不发育,主要的沉积体系以浅水碳酸岩台地和海岸平原为特征.石炭系早期层序形成在起伏不平的剥蚀面之上,以填平补齐的充填沉积为主,中后期层序则发育在宽阔平坦的盆地内.这种层序格架明显不同于被动大陆边缘经典型的层序格架,反映了稳定地块内坳陷性盆地的层序特点.     

准噶尔盆地侏罗纪高精度层序地层格架研究

本文以准噶尔盆地侏罗纪高精度层序地层研究为基础对盆地的层序构成及其格架特征进行了精细研究,结果表明准噶尔盆地侏罗系构造层序为源来自盆地南侧幕式强挤压逆冲,东北和西北及西侧被动响应,形成边缘坳陷中央隆起的"2梁3洼"的复合类前陆盆地并接受充填沉积,其顶界为白垩系吐谷鲁群底界面(SBK1tg),底界为下侏罗统八道湾组底界(SBJ1b3)的区域不整合面.包括2个层序组早中侏罗层序组(SJ1-J2层序组)、中晚侏罗层序组(SJ2-J3层序组).     

准噶尔盆地侏罗纪高精度层序地层格架研究

本文以准噶尔盆地侏罗纪高精度层序地层研究为基础对盆地的层序构成及其格架特征进行了精细研究,结果表明:准噶尔盆地侏罗系构造层序为源来自盆地南侧幕式强挤压逆冲,东北和西北及西侧被动响应,形成边缘坳陷中央隆起的“2梁3洼”的复合类前陆盆地并接受充填沉积,其顶界为白垩系吐谷鲁群底界面(SBK1tg),底界为下侏罗统八道湾组底界(SBJ1b3)的区域不整合面。包括2个层序组:早中侏罗层序组(SJ1-J2层序组)、中晚侏罗层序组(SJ2-J3层序组)。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.