Fe/C法去除地下水中TCE与PCE的影响因素研究

运用实验室批量试验,采用Fe/C微电解对地下水中的三氯乙烯(TCE)与四氯乙烯(PCE)污染物的去除进行了研究,确定了实验的主要影响因素为铁炭质量比及溶液pH值。实验的最优条件为采用质量比为1：1椰壳炭和50目铁粉,溶液pH=5,温度25℃。在最优条件下,Fe/C微电解对TCE与PCE混合废水的处理结果表明,Fe/C法对TCE的去除率为82.4FfFf,对PCE的去除率为59.4FfFf。     

不同粒径零价铁颗粒降解地下水中卤代烃的动力学研究

针对目前我国地下水中卤代烃污染问题, 采用零价铁技术, 应用不同粒径的零价铁, 对4种具代表性的卤代烃(四氯乙烯、三氯乙烯、四氯化碳和三氯甲烷)的降解动力学进行对比研究。结果表明, 在投加过量铁粉、卤代烃浓度为400 μg/L的条件下, 4种卤代烃的降解速率均与零价铁颗粒的粒径大小负相关。4种卤代烃的降解均符合伪一级动力学反应, 按照颗粒零价铁粒径大小, 伪一级反应速率常数从大到小依次为K_20nm>K_100nm>K_10μm>K_100μm。对比同种零价铁、不同卤代烃之间的降解速率, 得出的结论为K_烷烃>K_烯烃, K_四氯>K_三氯, 即氯代程度高的烷烃被零价铁降解的速率最高。基于体系中的pH, DO以及氯离子浓度变化趋势, 卤代烃降解过程中pH升高, DO的消耗与卤代烃降解同步并存在竞争关系。研究表明, 零价铁技术能有效地去除水中卤代烃, 可作为饮用水处理中前端处理工艺, 通过脱氯来降低卤代烃的毒性及分子量, 利于后续的工艺处理。     

Enhancing the power conversion efficiency of PCDTBT:PC71BM polymer solar cells using a mixture of solvents

Organic polymer solar materials are shown to exhibit better solubility in mixed solvents than in pure ones,which affects the performance of their solar cells.In this article,poly[N-9-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4.7-di-2-thienyI-2,l,3-benzothiadiazole)(PCDTBT0)and[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(71)BM)are used as active layer materials in solar cells.To optimize the performance of these active materials,the ratio of chloroform(CF)to chlorobenzene used as solvents to dissolve PCDTBT,and PC_(71)BM is varied,which is shown to affect power conversion efficiency(PCE).The solar cell that shows the best performance with a PCE as high as 6.82%is produced using a volume ratio of CF to chlorobenzene of1:1.     

非水相中酶催化葡甘聚糖的酯交换反应

探索了生物催化反应制备酯化葡甘聚糖(KGM)衍生物的可能性,并构建了酶催化天然高分子改性的新模式。利用KGM与乙酸乙烯酯在无溶剂体系中的酯交换反应,对8种脂肪酶和5种蛋白酶的催化能力进行了初步评价,并考察了以固定化脂肪酶N ovozym 435作生物催化剂时,不同的非水介质对该反应的影响。结果表明:在本文条件下,这些酶对该反应均具有一定的催化作用;有机溶剂二甲基乙酰胺(DMA c)、甲苯(T o luene)和异辛烷(IOCT)以及其他非水相有机介质,如离子液体N-甲基-咪唑四氟硼酸盐[HM im] [BF4]-和丁二酸二辛基磺酸钠(AOT)/异辛烷反相胶束体系,均有利于脂肪酶N ovozym 435催化的KGM与乙酸乙烯酯的酯交换反应。     

氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物在水相中的羧基功能化

利用水相悬浮聚合工艺制备了带有羧基官能团的氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物.研究了马来酸酐与乙醇酯化反应温度、反应时间等条件对马来酸单乙酯产率的影响规律,马来酸酐酯化产物在水油混合相中的混溶实验表明马来酸单乙酯具有亲水、亲油性能.利用水相悬浮聚合将马来酸酐酯化物加入到氯乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯中制得改性氯醋共聚物,随酯化物用量的增加,共聚物的平均粒径减小,酸值提高;同时,改性树脂涂膜后,涂层与铝基材间的附着力也相应提高.此外,FT-IR分析表明树脂中已成功引入羧基官能团.     

三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯在土壤和地下水中的污染及修复技术

 三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯在工农业生产中被广泛使用,由于其不合理的处置和相对持久性特征,使其成为地下水和土壤中分布最为广泛的污染物之一。因其具有挥发性、毒性和致癌性,受到了国内外的广泛关注。通过查阅国内外资料,本文较为系统地总结了三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯污染的来源、危害和污染现状,述评了修复三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯污染的物理方法、化学方法和生物方法,其中物理方法包括曝气法和活性炭吸附法等,化学方法包括化学氧化法和化学还原法等,生物方法包括微生物修复技术和植物修复技术。同时对三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯的污染修复技术的发展趋势进行了展望,认为微生物修复技术、纳米双金属颗粒技术和光催化氧化技术具有很好的应用前景,建议加强这三项技术的研究和应用。     

Thermal physical properties and key influence factors of phase change emulsion

Latent functionally thermal fluids (LFTF) are a novel kind of heat storage and heat transfer fluids that include phase change microcapsule slurry and phase change emulsion (PCE). They have much greater apparent specific heats and higher heat transfer abilities in the phase change temperature range than conventional single-phase heat transfer fluids such as water. Thus they are advantageous in the field of the convective heat transfer enhancement and energy transport. In this paper, some thermal physical properties such as viscosity, fusion heat and apparent specific heat (Cp) are measured, and the influences of some factors (such as selection of surfactants, preparation method, temperature, mixing ratio of surfactants and mass concentration of phase change material) on them are discussed. The study shows that: 1) the viscosity of the PCE prepared in the present work is lower than that reported in the literature; 2) its apparent specific heat value for the phase change temperatu reregion is high and proportionally increases with the concentration of phase change material.     

高分子载体四氯化锡复合物催化剂Ⅲ.苯乙烯、乙烯基咔唑共聚物-四氯化锡复合物

合成了苯乙烯-N-乙烯基咔唑交联聚合物。此聚合物在氯仿中能同四氯化锡生成稳定的含氯量为20.8％的复合物(相当于1.47mmol SnCl_2/g)。此复合物对许多有机反应如,酯化、缩醛、缩酮及醚化等有良好的催化活性。     

碳纳米管-乙烯基吡咯烷酮聚合物的合成研究

利用自由基引发原位聚合的方法合成了聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮（PVP）包裹的碳纳米管（Nanotubes-NT),并利用TGA，UV－Vis,Fluorescence和TEM等对产物进行了表征。结果表明，碳纳米管可以利用自由基引发，通过原位聚合过程与乙烯基吡咯烷酮发生反应。产物NT－PVP室温下能溶于水及甲醇、氯仿、二硫化碳等各种普通的有机溶剂，从而为碳纳米管进一步的深入研究和应用消除了障碍，开辟了广阔的前景。     

Nanoscale structural and electronic evolution for increased efficiency in polymer solar cells monitored by electric scanning probe microscopy

Control of blend morphology at multi-scale is critical for optimizing the power conversion efficiency （PCE） of plastic solar cells. To better understand the physics of photoactive layer in the organic photovoltaic devices, it is necessary to gain understanding of morphol- ogy and the corresponding electronic property. Herein we report the correlation between nanoscale structural, electric properties of bulk heterojunction （BHJ） solar cells and the annealing-induced PCE change. We demonstrate that the PCE of BHJ solar cells are dramatically improved （from 1.3 % to 4.6 %） by thermal annealing, which results from P3HT crystalline stacking and the PCBM aggregation for interpenetrated network. The similar trend for annealing- induced photovoltage and PCE evolution present as an initial increase followed by a decrease with the annealing time and temperature. The surface roughness increase slowly and then abruptly after the same inflection points observed for photovoltage and PCE. The phase images in electric force microscopy indicate the optimized P3HT and PCBM crystallization for interpenetrating network formation considering the spectroscopic results as well. From the correlation between surface photovoltage, blend morphology, and PCE, we propose a model to illustrate the film structure and its evolution under different annealing conditions. This work would benefit the better design and optimization of the morphology and local electric proper- ties of solar cell active layers for improved PCE.     

Hydrogen Peroxide in Fluorinated Alcohols：A Potent and Selective Oxidative System

1 Introduction Fluorinated alcohols such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol and 2,2,2-trifluoroetanol have particular properties compared to non-fluorinated ones and could provoke changes in the course of reactions in these solvents. Their specific properties are connected mainly to the strong hydrogen bond donor ability and solvation of nuclephiles on one side, and weak hydrogen bond acceptor strength and weak solvation of electrophiles on the other. This dichotomy makes them very attractiv…     

Structural snapshots of the mechanism and inhibition of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor

Small GTP-binding (G) proteins are activated by GDP/GTP nucleotide exchange stimulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Nucleotide dissociation from small G protein-GEF complexes involves transient GDP-bound intermediates whose structures have never been described. In the case of Arf proteins, small G proteins that regulate membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells, such intermediates can be trapped either by the natural inhibitor brefeldin A or by charge reversal at the catalytic glutamate of the Sec7 domain of their GEFs. Here we report the crystal structures of these intermediates that show that membrane recruitment of Arf and nucleotide dissociation are separate reactions stimulated by Sec7. The reactions proceed through sequential rotations of the Arf.GDP core towards the Sec7 catalytic site, and are blocked by interfacial binding of brefeldin A and unproductive stabilization of GDP by charge reversal. The structural characteristics of the reaction and its modes of inhibition reveal unexplored ways in which to inhibit the activation of small G proteins.     

脉冲介质阻挡放电降解三氯乙烯的研究

研究了不同操作条件下脉冲介质阻挡放电等离子体对三氯乙烯的降解效果,通过红外分析探讨了降解的反应历程.结果表明:当载气为N2时,脉冲介质通过阻挡放电等离子体可实现三氯乙烯的有效降解,降解率随放电参数及气体流量的变化而变化,在保证体系能量效率最大的基础上可获得三氯乙烯降解的最佳处理条件,即输入电压25 V、脉冲频率500 Hz、脉冲占空比50％、放电间隙5 mm、气体流量300 mL/min;当载气中含O2时,三氯乙烯的降解率随输入电压的变化而变化,即输入电压小于25 V时,三氯乙烯降解率随O2的增加而提高,输入电压大于25 V时,三氯乙烯降解率随O2的增加而下降.三氯乙烯降解过程中会产生CHCl2 COCl、CCl3-CN或ClCH2CH2NH2,终产物中除含有HCl、CO2和CO外,还含有COCl2.     

含不同官能团聚羧酸减水剂的吸附分散性能

通过水溶液自由基聚合法合成了含有不同官能团的聚羧酸减水剂,并研究了不同结构聚羧酸减水剂的吸附-分散性能,以及其对水泥水化性能的影响.结果表明:含酰胺基的聚羧酸减水剂对水泥浆体流动度的削弱程度最大,含酯基官能团的聚羧酸减水剂对水泥浆体流动度的影响程度较小.含磺酸基团的聚羧酸减水剂吸附性能增强;而含酰胺基及酯基的聚羧酸减水剂的吸附性能削弱.含酯基官能团的聚羧酸减水剂显著延缓了水泥水化诱导期,相比之下,含磺酸基官能团的聚羧酸减水剂提高了水泥水化加速期的最大水化放热速率.     

含氮杂环聚芳醚砜酮羟基化改性及性能

以 Na BH4 为还原剂对含有二氮杂萘酮结构的聚芳醚砜酮 ( PPESK)进行羟基化改性 ,并用 FT-IR和 1H-NMR对还原后的聚芳醚砜酮 ( PPESK— OH)的结构进行表征 .通过测定玻璃化转变温度 ( Tg)、水接触角和溶解性 ,研究还原后聚合物的性能变化 .结果表明 ,随还原程度加深 ,PPESK— OH的 Tg逐渐升高 ,由 52 9.6K升至 571 .3 K,耐热性能有所改善 ;亲水性能增强 ,当还原率为 54.8%时 PPESK— OH的水接触角为 52 .6°;PPESK还原前后的溶解性能有很大变化     

高效液相色谱在染料及中间体分析中的应用

对高效液相色谱在染料及中间体分析中的应用作了综述．介绍了高效液相色谱的应用特点，分离、纯化、质量评价等方面的应用实例．并对今后高效液相色谱的应用趋势作了粗浅的分析。     

4-氧代-4-(4-溴苯基)-2-(2-萘)-丁酸甲酯的合成

主要论述重氮-β萘乙酸甲酯与N-(对溴苯乙烯基)-吗啉在铜盐催化下的反应,能够以较高的化学产率制备4-氧代-4-(4-溴苯基-)2-(2-萘)-丁酸甲酯.详细考察了催化剂、反应溶剂对这一反应的影响.实验结果发现六氟乙酰丙酮铜[Cu(hfacac2)]得到最好的化学收率,比较意外地发现所有被测试的溶剂都能以高产率得到产物4-氧代-4-(4-溴苯基-)2-(2-萘-)丁酸甲酯。     

Physical Properties of [AMIM] Cl with Different Organic Solvents to Account for Underlying Interactions

In order to understand the interactions of the mixtures of ionic liquids with different organic solvents,density,conductivity and refractive index have been investigated for binary mixtures of 1-allyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride( [AMIM]Cl) with acetonitrile,ethanol,and dimethyl sulfoxide( DMSO) at 298. 15 K. Density and refractive index were found to increase with increasing [AMIM]Cl concentration. Conductivity was found to increase initially by the addition of [AMIM]Cl. However,as the amount of [AMIM]Cl increases,a gradual decrease in conductivity of the mixtures has been observed. The resultant properties were caused by subsequent ion-ion and / or ion-solvent interactions depending on the extent of polarity,dielectric constants and miscibility of organic solvents being used.