异方差半参数变系数部分线性EV模型的经验似然

利用经验似然方法考虑异方差半参数变系数部分线性EV模型中兴趣参数置信域的构造.分别在误差方差已知和未知情形下,构造模型参数部分的经验对数似然比统计量,并验证非参数情形下的Wilks定理成立.模拟研究表明经验似然估计方法具有优良的性质.     

含MA误差的线性模型的经验似然推断

采用拟极大似然估计方法获得含MA误差的线性模型估计方程。为了能够使用经验似然方法,先利用鞅差序列将估计方程中的二次型转化为线性形式;再构造关于模型参数的经验似然比统计量,在一定假设条件下证明该统计量渐近服从卡方分布;模拟结果表明,在参数置信域的覆盖率方面,经验似然方法比参数似然方法更接近置信水平。     

响应变量缺失时纵向数据下变系数部分线性测量误差模型的经验似然推断

将经验似然方法应用于响应变量缺失时纵向数据下变系数部分线性测量模型中兴趣参数置信域,构造了关于参数分量纠衰的分块经验对数似然比函数,进而推导出参数分量纠衰的分块经验似然比统计量及其渐近分布。数据模拟结果表明所提出的经验似然方法在置信区间长度和覆盖率方面要优于正态逼近方法。     

部分线性模型参数的经验欧氏似然置信域

构造了部分线性模型参数的经验欧氏似然比统计量,并讨论了它的极限分布,由此可构造部分线性模型参数的渐近置信域。     

部分函数型EV回归模型的经验似然推断①

针对解释变量带有测量误差的部分函数型线性回归模型,引入一个合适辅助向量,构造出未知参数的经验对数似然比函数,给出了未知参数和未知系数的极大经验似然估计。进一步证明了所构造似然比函数具有渐近卡方分布,并基于此构造了未知参数的渐近置信域。同时,也证明了给出的未知参数的估计与最小二乘估计一样具有渐近正态性。最后给出系数函数的收敛速度,达到了最优收敛速度。讨论的结果说明经验似然方法对部分函数型EV回归模型的统计推断是有效的。     

协变量缺失下线性EV模型中参数的经验似然推断

考虑协变量缺失下线性EV模型中参数的经验似然推断问题,利用逆概率加权的方法构造未知参数的估计函数.在一定条件下,证明了构造的估计函数其经验似然比趋于一个标准的卡方分布.利用这个结果可以构造参数的置信域.     

基于Horseshoe+先验的惩罚置信区域变量选择方法

针对高维稀疏线性回归问题,相关变量的数量远远少于不相关变量.相关变量的变量选择问题对于传统的频率论正则化方法是一大挑战.现有的贝叶斯惩罚置信区域法通过将模型拟合与变量选择分离,在联合后验置信区域内搜索最稀疏解,从而得到稀疏模型解.且该方法在高维变量选择效果上优于常用的变量选择方法.在此基础上,针对高维稀疏模型,将原方法中依赖的共轭正态先验替换成针对"稀疏信号勘测问题"提出的Horseshoe+先验,利用Horseshoe+先验对小系数"重"压缩与大系数几乎零压缩的理论特性,实现对稀疏回归系数的稳健估计.通过数据仿真模拟不同稀疏程度下的高维稀疏线性回归,并将基于Horseshoe+先验的惩罚置信区域法分别与基于正态先验以及Laplace先验的该方法进行比较,结果表明基于Horseshoe+先验的惩罚置信区域法在高维稀疏线性回归问题具有更好的变量选择效果与预测效果.     

响应变量随机缺失下广义线性模型的经验似然

研究响应变量随机缺失下广义线性模型的经验似然推断。首先构造未知参数的经验似然比函数,并证明其渐近分布为卡方分布;其次得到参数的若干估计量并得到了其渐近分布,研究结果可以直接构造参数的置信区间或置信域;最后利用模拟计算验证所提方法的优良性质。     

协变量缺失下线性模型中参数的经验似然推断

考虑协变量缺失下线性模型中兴趣参数的经验似然推断,利用逆概率加权的方法构造未知参数的估计函数。在一定条件下,证明了基于本文构造的估计函数的经验对数似然比趋于一个标准的卡方分布,利用这个结果可以构造参数的置信域。最后,通过数值模拟,进一步验证了结论的正确性。     

一类误差不独立的变量含误差模型

对一类不独立变量含误差模型进行了探讨,建立了相应的模型,用极大似然方法给出了参数的估计;考虑了此模型的实例应用,并从相对偏差上将独立变量含误差模型与不独立变量含误差模型的结果进行比较,揭示了不独立EIV模型的先进性与较好的预测精度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to