过零双门限协作频谱感知算法

应用过零双门限协作频谱感知算法估计无线电频谱的占用状态,研究了认知用户个数、计算所用的采样点数、不同信噪比及判决系数对检测概率的影响,并与传统双门限能量检测、差分双门限能量检测算法的检测性能进行了对比研究,发现在信噪比为-5 dB,判决系数为0. 05,虚警概率小于等于0. 8时,过零双门限检测方法单认知用户检测性能明显优于其他2种检测方法;当信噪比均为-5 dB,参与协作感知的认知用户个数小于6时,过零双门限协作检测算法性能明显优于其他2种算法;在虚警概率恒定的情况下,增加计算所用的采样点数或增大判决系数能够明显提高检测概率;在虚警概率恒定情况下,算法检测概率随着信噪比增大而增大,当信噪比为-7 dB时,检测概率趋近于1;在相同的检测条件下,过零双门限协作检测算法的虚警概率要明显低于差分双门限检测的虚警概率。结果表明:过零双门限协作频谱感知算法可以降低系统的虚警概率,有效解决噪声不确定性问题,进一步提高系统感知性能。     

一种新颖的多用户协作频谱检测算法

频谱检测是认知无线电的一项核心技术,其检测性能容易受到信道衰落的影响.与单用户频谱检测相比较,多用户频谱检测能够克服认知无线电中衰落环境对系统检测性能的影响.文章分析了能量检测在高斯信道、瑞利衰落信道和阴影衰落信道下的检测性能,提出了一种新的多用户协作频谱检测数据融合算法.该方法采用1 bit的双极性信号表示单节点认知用户能量检测的判决结果并送至融合中心,融合中心根据每个认知用户的信噪比进行加权融合.仿真结果表明,该算法能够更加有效地克服信道衰落对频谱检测性能的影响,其检测性能明显优于OR准则算法.     

一种新颖的多用户协作频谱检测算法

频谱检测是认知无线电的一项核心技术,其检测性能容易受到信道衰落的影响.与单用户频谱检测相比较,多用户频谱检测能够克服认知无线电中衰落环境对系统检测性能的影响.文章分析了能量检测在高斯信道、瑞利衰落信道和阴影衰落信道下的检测性能,提出了一种新的多用户协作频谱检测数据融合算法.该方法采用1 bit的双极性信号表示单节点认知用户能量检测的判决结果并送至融合中心,融合中心根据每个认知用户的信噪比进行加权融合.仿真结果表明,该算法能够更加有效地克服信道衰落对频谱检测性能的影响,其检测性能明显优于OR准则算法.     

认知无人机网络中多机协作频谱感知研究

多无人机协同工作模式在未来通信中有着重要的应用前景。结合频谱资源短缺的问题,建立认知无人机网络模型,并研究多机协作频谱感知性能,提出一种最佳融合准则来优化检测性能。针对无人机数量较多的大型认知无人机网络,提出一种快速高效的协作频谱感知算法,并比较该算法在瑞利衰落以及Nakagami衰落2种信道环境下的性能。仿真结果表明:①采用最佳融合准则可以使协作频谱感知总错误率达到最小;②快速协作频谱感知算法可以利用较少的无人机来保证协作频谱感知的检测准确度,避免了不必要的感知过程,减少了参与协作频谱感知的次级用户数量,降低了协作感知时间,从而节省了感知过程开销,而且相比于瑞利衰落信道,该算法在Nakagami衰落信道环境下具有更好的性能。     

自适应双门限频谱感知算法

针对传统的能量检测算法门限固定设置存在的不足,以及循环平稳特征检测算法计算复杂度高的缺点,以双门限能量检测算法为基础,提出一种联合循环平稳特征检测的双门限能量检测算法.本算法在双门限区域内实施循环平稳特征检测,双门限之外的区域采用能量检测,同时根据信道状态自适应调整双门限值.当信道状态好时,减小两个门限之间的距离,即减小实施循环平稳特征检测的概率,降低运算复杂度;当信道状态差时,增大两个门限之间的距离,即增大循环平稳特征检测的概率来保证良好的检测性能.仿真结果表明,在一定条件下,该算法能有效提高频谱检测性能,降低运算复杂度.     

一种改进的分组协作频谱感知方法

认知无线电是一种新兴的智能无线系统,它能够感知授权频段的使用情况,当授权用户不使用时接入通信,当授权用户出现时从该频段退避,以缓解日益紧张的频谱资源使用。文中主要研究的是一种改进的分组协作频谱感知方法。首先分别介绍了两种性能较好的频谱感知算法:双门限频谱检测方法与分组协作方法,并仿真实现。在此基础上提出的改进算法是在分组协作中使用双门限检测方法,最后通过仿真,证明文中提出的融合算法其性能优于只使用分组协作感知或双门限检测方法。     

一种优化的认知无线电网络分簇协作频谱感知算法

目前对于认知无线电分簇协作频谱感知算法的研究,大都认为每个簇均等地参与协作.没有考虑簇所经历的不同衰落对判决结果的影响.为有效解决这一问题,提出一种优化的认知无线电网络分簇协作频谱感知算法.该算法采用能量节省的分簇感知机制,充分考虑路径损耗与衰落对检测性能的影响.在满足虚警率和检测率的前提下,此方案不仅算法实现简单,而且在分簇结果上可以显著提高系统的稳定性,因此在信道环境复杂的情况下能有效提高频谱感知效率.     

一种认知无线电的二次频谱感知算法

在认知无线电(Cognitive Radio)系统中准确快速地频谱感知是有效通信的前提。如何均衡感知性能与感知时间是频谱感知技术面临的难题之一。现有的一次检测算法在这方面各有利弊。结合能量感知和PCA(Principal Component Analysis)感知的优势提出一种二次频谱感知的算法。首先利用双门限的能量感知算法进行初检。然后使用PCA感知算法对能量感知算法中检测值落于中间混淆区域的情况进行二次判决,以实现空闲频谱快速准确的感知。最后对该感知算法和其他传统感知算法的性能进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明二次频谱感知算法提高了认知系统的频谱感知性能同时缩短了感知时间。     

衰落信道下能量检测的性能分析

在认知无线电系统中,大部分的无线信道可以表征为NAKAGAM I衰落信道或莱斯衰落信道。针对NAKAGAM I衰落信道和莱斯衰落信道环境下的能量检测,分析了频谱检测虚警概率和漏检概率与信道模型参数之间的关系,比较了单用户检测和多用户合作检测性能,得到了虚警概率和漏检概率数学表达式,为能量检测器的设计提供了性能参考界。数值仿真结果表明,NAKAGAM I信道下,能量检测性能随衰落因子和平均信噪比的增大而改善;莱斯衰落信道下,能量检测性能随平均信噪比的增大而提高;多用户合作检测性能分别比单用户提高1~2个数量级。     

衰落信道下能量检测的性能分析

在认知无线电系统中,大部分的无线信道可以表征为NAKAGAMI衰落信道或莱斯衰落信道.针对NAKAGAMI衰落信道和莱斯衰落信道环境下的能量检测,分析了频谱检测虚警概率和漏检概率与信道模型参数之间的关系,比较了单用户检测和多用户合作检测性能,得到了虚警概率和漏检概率数学表达式,为能量检测器的设计提供了性能参考界.数值仿...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-