供应链环境下零售商基于价格折扣的部分信用支付模型

主要研究了两级信用支付条件下的零售商库存策略。假设零售商拥有支配权,并可以从供应商处获得全额信用支付,而仅给消费者提供部分信用支付,并根据支付比例给予消费者相应的价格折扣,且价格折扣又提高了商品的需求率。根据信用期的不同,建立零售商的年度成本模型,并采用成本最小化方法求解零售商最优库存策略。     

信用支付条件下考虑累进制价格折扣的EOQ模型研究

从零售商的角度出发,研究了在供应商给定信用支付和累进制价格折扣的条件下其最优订购策略.在需求率固定,每次订购量不变等假设下,以单位货物总费用CITV(T)为目标函数,建立了分段函数形式的数学模型.通过推导、求解,得到经济订货周期T*及经济订购批量Q*,最后通过算例验证了模型的正确性与可行性.     

信用支付条件下考虑累进制价格折扣的EOQ模型

从零售商的角度出发,研究了在供应商给定信用支付和累进制价格折扣的条件下其最优订购策略.在需求率固定,每次订购量不变等假设下,以单位货物总费用CITV(T)为目标函数,建立了分段函数形式的数学模型.通过推导、求解,得到经济订货周期T*及经济订购批量Q*,最后通过算例验证了模型的正确性与可行性.     

基于商业信用的零售商支付策略模型研究

基于信用商业的考虑,从零售商角度出发,分析在供应商-零售商、零售商-顾客两级信用支付中,零售商对供应商提出的现金折扣和延期支付策略的选择,构建了各种情况下的成本模型,通过推导、求解,得到零售商最优付款时间及最优订货周期,最后通过算例验证了模型的正确性和可行性。     

基于两级信用支付和合作策略的EPQ模型

信用支付策略的设计直接影响到整个供应链的收益.基于两级信用支付,研究了供应商和零售商采取合作策略的EPQ模型,并通过分析不同情况下的收益函数,提出了使供应商和零售商总收益最大化的最优销售价格和最优信用期长度的帕累托最优解的求解算法.最后通过算例和灵敏度分析进行了验证,分析并揭示了最终需求和利息率对最优销售价格和最优信用期长度的影响.     

延迟支付具有固定订货成本多期随机库存模型

延迟支付条件下的库存管理问题得到广泛关注和研究,但大多数文献基于需求确定性的经济订货批量模型。该文建立延迟支付条件下有固定订货成本的多期随机需求周期性盘点库存管理模型。供应商提供的延迟支付合同允许零售商在订货期支付部分订货成本,在延迟支付期后支付剩余订货成本。该文证明了存在最优的(s,S)库存策略,并用数值算例考察了延迟支付条件下零售商的库存策略和成本改进情况。结果表明,采用延迟支付合同后,保证供应商的成本不增加的同时,零售商的成本平均下降了2.08%。     

基于商业信用的供应链数量折扣协调策略

一个供应商和一个零售商构成的供应链中,由于供应商向零售商提供商业信用,会影响供应商与零售商各自的目标利润及供应链的总利润.为了解决这一问题,实现零售商和供应商对供应链总收益的合理分配,建立了随机需求下基于商业信用的数量折扣契约协调模型.分析了一定信用条件下数量折扣策略在供应链的收益分配及实现协调方面的作用,推导出实现供应链协调的最优契约参数.最后通过数值算例说明了所得结论的正确性.     

预付款融资下的供应商定价策略

供应商的资金约束对自身及供应链利润造成了损失.当供应商自有资金小于临界值时,供应商同意零售商提供预付款融资,研究了零售商最优预付款比例下供应商折扣批发价的定价策略,通过折扣批发价的制定部分协调供应链,实现零售商最优预付款融资下的生产量和供应链利润均大于供应商有资金约束不融资情况下对应的生产量和利润值.为了进一步协调供应链,设计了供应商两阶段批发价,通过折扣批发价调整供应商和零售商在集中决策下最优利润的分配,实现供应链利润帕累托改进.     

供应链系统的混沌放大效应分析

为了分析供应链系统中混沌是否存在放大效应,在零售商提供价格折扣和不提供价格折扣2种情况建立了供应链系统库存动态变化的数学模型.通过仿真对零售商库存和分销商库存混沌区域的变化情况、零售商提供折扣和不提供折扣2种情况下库存混沌区域的变化情况进行了对比分析.结果表明:无论零售商是否提供价格折扣,分销商库存的混沌区域比零售商库存的混沌区域更大;当库存偏差调整参数和在途库存偏差调整参数相差比较大时,零售商提供价格折扣比不提供价格折扣情况下各级库存的混沌区域更大.     

基于部分延期支付和变化需求率的EOQ模型

文章假设供应商提供3种部分延期支付策略,建立了基于部分延期支付和变化需求率的经济订货批量(EOQ)模型,通过对利息收入、利息支出等关键指标的计算,分别求出零售商在不同部分延期支付策略下需求率随库存水平以及时间变化的最优订货周期,从而得出最大平均利润;通过数值实例验证模型,并分析了在不同模型下不同部分延期支付策略对零售商...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to