陆地棉显性无腺体品系与常规品种间杂种优势利用研究Ⅰ．杂种一代产量相关性状通径分析

以７个显性无腺体陆地棉品系和４个常规品种为材料，按ＮＣⅡ设计，对２８个组合的Ｆ_１及亲本进行了通径分析。结果表明：杂种一代的产量构成与亲本明显不同，其产量构成因素中对皮棉产量贡献的大小依次是单株铃数＞铃重＞衣分；而亲本中为衣分＞铃重＞单株铃数。     

显性无腺体基因在不同陆地棉遗传背景下对棉花农艺性状的影响

利用显性无腺体近等基因系研究了显性无腺体基因在３种不同陆地棉遗传背景下对棉花农艺性状的影响。结果表明：在所研究的性状上显性无腺体的作用方式相似,但遗传背景与腺体类型的互作效应在铃重、衣分、籽指、衣指、纤维伸长率上差异显著,显性无腺体基因在３种遗传背景下对产量和纤维品质无明显不良影响,但在衣分、籽指、衣指、纤维伸长率等性状上表现多效性。     

显性无腺体作标记性状在陆地棉杂种优势利用中的初步研究

选用陆地棉无腺体品系显无066 和显无077 为父本,有腺体品种中棉所12 号、苏棉9 号、泗棉3 号为母本,不去雄辅助授粉,以显性无腺体作标记,以天然异交和人工去雄授粉为对照,比较其杂种率及制种效率,并以中棉所12 号为对照,对6 个杂交组合的杂种F1 进行比较。结果表明:以显性无腺体作标记,不去雄辅助授粉平均杂种率达到51.35% ,变幅34.73% ～63.46% ,工效是人工去雄的3.5 倍。杂种F1 比较试验表明,所研究的11 个性状中有10 个性状表现中亲优势,6 个性状表现超亲优势,8 个性状表现竞争优势,其中3 个组合的单株皮棉产量竞争优势在20% 以上。     

水稻杂种优势的遗传研究

采用双列杂交法分析水稻杂种优势．用杂交水稻研究中具有代表性的8个品种．按所有可能成对杂交，对配成的28个组合进行田间重复试验，评估产量及其构成因子等性状．结果表明．所考察6个农艺性状在各组合问总体平均数差异显著；6个农艺性状一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差达到极显著水平，即表明所研究性状同时受加性效应和非加性效应控制；从8个亲本6个农艺性状的一般配合力效应值(gi)分析可得出．同一亲本不同性状其gi值不同．同一性状gi值在不同亲本间亦有很大差别；从28个组合的特殊配合力效应(Sij)可得出，特殊配合力在同一组合不同性状间以及同一性状不同组合间存在显著差异．一般配合力与特殊配合力在多数组合中表现一致．但也有例外，是由于双亲杂交具有很强的非加性效应所致．在产量构成要素中．单株实粒数表现为最高杂种优势，其次是有效穗数，而千粒重优势最小。     

核质互作对转基因抗虫杂交棉主要性状的影响

对 4组转Bt基因抗虫杂交棉正、反交F1代的性状差异性研究表明 :株高、果枝数、单株铃数、衣分和籽、皮棉产量主要表现为受细胞核基因控制 ,核质互作效应不明显 ;铃重、子指、衣指、2 5 %跨距长度、比强度和麦克隆值是否受核质互作效应的影响 ,则取决于特定的杂交组合     

陆地棉显性无腺体品系与常规品种间杂种优势利用研究 Ⅲ.杂种优势及其与配合力的相关

以７个显性无腺体陆地棉品系和４个常规品种为材料,按ＮＣⅡ设计,对２８个组合的Ｆ１杂种优势及其与配合力的相关进行了分析。结果表明：杂种Ｆ１具有明显优势,２８个组合所研究的１５个性状全部具有中亲优势,６个性状具有高亲优势,４个性状具有竞争优势;杂种Ｆ１各性状的竞争优势分别与父本、母本一般配合力效应值,父母本一般配合力效应平均值和组合特殊配合力效应值均有不同程度的相关,而以父母本一般配合力效应平均值与竞争优势的相关最密切且稳定。     

小麦F1代谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)含量与其它品质性状的遗传研究

采用3组品质不同的亲本材料,利用6×6 NCⅡ随机设计,配制了108个组合,分析结果如下GMP与各品质性状显著正相关,除品种间差异不明显外,GMP与各品质性状组合差异显著,谷蛋白大聚合体和蛋白质的遗传同时受基因的加性效应和非加性效应的影响,以加性效应为主.     

普通小麦面筋物理品质性状的双列分析

本研究对沉淀值、比沉淀值两个面筋物理品质性状利用Hayman方法进行的分析表明，两性状低值表现部分显性，高值与隐性效应相联系．加性方差和显性方差分量均达显著，基因的加性效应比显性效应更重要．     

陆地棉族系种质系数量性状的遗传分析

采用ＮＣⅡ遗传交配设计,选用３个常规陆地棉品种与５个陆地棉族系种质系材料杂交,遗传效应分析表明：杂种产量、品质以有产一组分性状的一般配合力、特殊配合力效应差异显著和极显著;子棉产量、皮棉产量、早熟性、伸长率、麦克隆的非加性效应起主导作用,株高、铃重、子指、衣指、衣分、绒长、强度以加性效应为主;绒长的狭义遗传力较高,株高、 子指、衣分中等,铃重、衣指次之,其它性状遗传力较低,试验综合分析说明,陆村棉     

部分转Bt基因棉与常规棉品种农艺性状的比较及产量通径分析

以3个陆地棉抗虫品种和3个常规品种为材料，采用随机区组试验设计，分析了产量性状及纤维品质性状的差异，并对产量相关因素进行了通径分析。在所考察的19个性状中，籽棉产量、皮棉产量、单株铃数、单铃重、衣分、单株果节数、蕾铃脱落率、籽指、衣指、黄度和反射率品种问差异均达到显著或极显著水平。转基因棉的籽棉产量、皮棉产量、单铃重、衣分、籽指和衣指显著高于常规棉品种，但转基因棉与常规棉品种间纤维品质无明显差异。通径分析表明，单株铃数是转基因棉皮棉产量提高的主要因素，而衣分和单株铃数则是常规棉品种皮棉产量提高的主要因素．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-