黄花水龙浮巢净化富营养化水体

以黄颡鱼夏花培育水体为试验用养殖污水，黄花水龙作为净化水质的植物浮巢材料，分别设置了1，2，3kg／m^3三种水龙初始生物量的鱼草共生系统，并与传统的商业性养殖模式作同步比较，分析了黄花水龙对养鱼污水主要水质因子、鱼苗生长和存活率的影响．经过6周饲养，试验结果为：试验组的鱼草共生系统水体水质优良，鱼类生长良好，试验终未水体中溶解氧浓度（DO）≥6．0mg／L，总氨氮（NH4^＋ -N）≤1．22mg／L，化学需氧量（COD）≤96mg／L，悬浮固体浓度（髂）≤26mg／L，成活率≥70％；对照组的有鱼无草系统中水质逐渐恶化，鱼类生长受到抑制甚至生存也不能保障，试验终末DO=3．0mg／L，NH4^＋ -N=3．8mg／L，COD=134mg／L，SS=80mg／L，夏花成活率仪为16％．研究结果表明：黄花水龙可有效净化水质，确保了夏花生产良性运行，还节约了水资源并达到无污染排放．     

常州市缓流水体循环净化研究

随着城市经济的快速发展,多数城市河流均受到不同程度的污染.为了探讨缓流水体循环净化技术,采用外循环技术对受污染的常州市景观河流进行了研究.实验进行了430余天.结果表明:河道总氮由8.2 mg/L降至0.2 mg/L,氨氮由7.13 mg/L降至1.55 mg/L,化学需氧量由40 mg/L降至12.3 mg/L,总磷由1.14 mg/L降至0.37 mg/L.该景观河水质指标除总氮外,其余均基本达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)IV类标准.     

有机海水围塘养殖生态系统氮磷的变化规律及相关性研究

为了解海水围塘养殖区氮磷的变化规律以及围塘养殖对水环境的影响,以沿海滩涂地区的海水围塘养殖池为研究案例,定点监测了虾-鱼-贝混合养殖池和对虾单养池的无机氮(氨氮、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐)、总氮、磷酸盐、总磷和高锰酸盐指数等指标,并分析了该养殖区各种水化学要素在养殖期间的变化特征以及它们之间的相关性。研究结果表明:两种养殖方式下水环境中无机氮之间的转化是完全的,在高溶解氧时硝酸盐氮含量始终较高,而在混合养殖中,硝酸盐氮是该养殖区水体无机氮的主要存在形态;混养池中总磷和总氮、磷酸盐均正相关,与无机氮之间无相关;而单养区总磷也与总氮显著正相关,但与磷酸盐和无机氮无相关;在混养区对总氮主要作用的是物理过程,单养区则是物理过程和化学过程同时起作用;对NH3+-N的影响虽然同是物理过程起作用,但混养区是盐度,而单养区是pH值和溶解氧;影响磷的各种形态变化的主要是化学过程起作用,但在单养区对PO43--P的影响还有pH值;通过采用有机养殖技术,围塘养殖的水质基本符合养殖要求标准,说明有机养殖、混合养殖等可以减少环境污染,应加强对这方面养殖技术的推广和应用。     

春夏季三角帆蚌小蚌主要食物组成研究

通过对三角帆蚌小蚌生活位点的水体进行采样、浓缩、镜检,以及解剖河蚌,对其消化道前端(胃)及后端(直肠)的内容物进行镜检观察,比较其胃和直肠内容物中各属藻类出现频率差别与所占比例差别.研究表明:三角帆蚌小蚌的食性与水域环境中的藻类组成十分相关,其春夏季该蚌的食物主要是由绿藻门中的栅列藻属、小球藻属、纤维藻属、衣藻属,硅藻门的直链藻属、舟形藻属、羽纹藻属,蓝藻门的蓝纤维藻属,裸藻门的裸藻属及隐藻门的隐藻构成.     

智能化AOS生物增强装置处理生活污水的研究

为了有效解决生活污水所造成的环境污染问题,设计了智能化AOS生物增强装置,在进水温度为23～28℃、水力停留时间为6～8 h、处理水量为1.0 m~3/h的条件下,考察了该装置对生活污水的处理效能.试验结果表明,当进水COD_(Cr)为273.99～428.07 mg/L,氨氮为7.21～8.18 mg/L,总氮为33.06～37.58 mg/L,总磷为3.36～4.34 mg/L时,装置对COD_(Cr)、氨氮、总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别为87.23%,39.27%,57.93%和88.57%,出水水质指标符合《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)中一级A的排放标准.该装置具有占地面积小、自动化程度高、处理效果好等优点,是一种适用于生活污水的处理装置.     

鄱阳湖三角帆蚌软组织中稀土元素累积与沉积物金属形态响应研究

为了研究稀土元素对水生态安全的影响,于2014年秋季对鄱阳湖5个代表性监测点的三角帆蚌及沉积物进行样品采集,分析三角帆蚌软组织及沉积物不同提取形态稀土元素的含量。结果表明,三角帆蚌软组织中稀土元素总量均值为15.52 mg/kg,轻稀土元素更易累积,表明轻稀土元素对贝类的生物效应强于重稀土元素。沉积物样品中稀土元素总量均值为285.22 mg/kg,含量高于中国土壤平均值;轻稀土元素明显富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,呈现较强的陆源属性。各监测点沉积物中稀土元素4种赋存形态的平均含量:残渣态可还原态可氧化态酸可提取态,酸可提取态含量最低,且空间分布差异较大,风险评估表明其均处于无风险或低风险水平。三角帆蚌软组织中大部分稀土元素与沉积物中可氧化态和全量显著正相关,表明三角帆蚌对沉积物中稀土元素的生物可利用性以可氧化态为主。     

杭州西湖与京杭大运河杭州城区段水质对比研究

于2008年1月,在杭州西湖及京杭大运河杭州城区段各设6个采样站,依据<水和废水监测分析方法>对杭州西湖及京杭大运河杭州城区段水体的水温(T)、pH值、溶解氧(DO)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、化学需氧量(CODCr)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)等理化指标进行测定.参照<水质标准汇编>(下册)有关"地表水环境质量标准基本项目标准限值"对两水域的水质进行大体评价,对比两水域的水质状况.结果表明:1)京杭大运河杭州段上游入口处(样站1)水质好于运河杭州城区段;2)杭州西湖水域呈现的理化指标(平均值 DO: 9.96 mg/L, CODCr: 19.00 mg/L, BOD5: 1.25 mg/L, TN: 2.88 mg/L, TP: 0.247 mg/L)均好于京杭大运河杭州城区段水域(平均值 DO: 5.54 mg/L, CODCr: 25.95 mg/L, BOD5: 3.05 mg/L, TN: 6.21 mg/L, TP: 0.525 mg/L);3) 两水域的TN和TP(TN: 西湖为2.13～3.88 mg/L,运河为4.83～9.15 mg/L; TP: 西湖为0.099～0.376 mg/L,运河为0.429～0.752 mg/L)含量明显超标,均属典型富营养化水体.     

江蓠和四角蛤蜊对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼封闭养殖水体水质的净化作用

试验1为探讨江蓠对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼封闭养殖水体(6.0 m×6.0 m×0.5 m)的原位修复效果,以珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(714 g)单养为对照组,以江蓠(14.00 kg,777.78 g/m~3)和珍珠龙胆石斑鱼混养为试验组,对养殖水体的硝酸盐(NO_3~--N)、亚硝酸盐(NO_2~--N)、氨氮(NH_4~+-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)质量浓度进行为期34 d的连续监测。结果显示:对照组试验鱼的存活率在第12天时降低至16%,ρ(NO_3~--N)为2.67 mg/L,ρ(NO_2~--N)为1.37 mg/L,ρ(NH_4~+-N)为1.29 mg/L,ρ(TN)为5.01 mg/L,ρ(TP)为1.12 mg/L,试验组各水质指标分别在第24、24、32、28和30天达到对照组水平,试验结束时试验鱼存活率为88%。试验2基于试验1,探讨江蓠(28.00 kg,1 555.56 g/m~3)和四角蛤蜊(10.0 kg,555.56 g/m~3)共同修复作用下珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(475 g)的适宜养殖密度,设置3个密度梯度(分别投放100、200和300尾鱼,命名为D100、D200和D300),每组2个平行,结果显示:养殖密度越大,水体营养盐升高速度越快(D300 D200 D100),试验结束时江蓠生物量和鱼存活率越低(D100 D200 D300)。综上:在试验1条件下,使用江蓠(777.78 g/m~3)修复珍珠龙胆石斑鱼封闭养殖水体,可以有效清除养殖水体的营养盐,改良水质;使用江蓠(1 555.56 g/m~3)和四角蛤蜊(555.56 g/m~3)与珍珠龙胆石斑鱼建立合理的生态循环系统,适宜养殖密度为2 638.89 g/m~3,最大不宜超过5 277.78 g/m~3。     

固定化海洋微藻在西施舌(Coelomactra antiquata)人工育苗中的应用

采用海藻酸钠固定化培养6株海洋微藻,并将微藻藻珠引入西施舌幼贝育苗水体混养,通过测定水体中氨氮和亚硝酸氮质量浓度的变化,测量幼贝的生长量,研究微藻藻珠对西施舌育苗水体水质的调控作用以及对西施舌幼贝成活率与生长的影响.结果表明:西施舌幼贝混养水体中,氨氮质量浓度下降了74.7%,亚硝酸氮质量浓度下降了97.7%,与对照组相比,混养促进了幼贝的生长,提高了幼贝的成活率,生长量与对照组相比增加了84.9%.     

溶解氧对垃圾压缩站废水同时硝化反硝化脱氮的影响

溶解氧（DO）含量是实现同时硝化反硝化生物脱氮的关键因素之一.文中采用同时好氧厌氧生物反应器（SOA）,对反应器内不同DO含量下垃圾压缩站废水中氨氮（NH4＋-N）,CODcr和总氮（TN）含量随时间的变化情况进行了考察.发现DO含量对反应器内CODcr,NH4＋-N和TN的去除效率和效果均有较大的影响.在DO含量（质量浓度,下同）为1.0mg/L时,反应器内的氨氮去除可分为快速和慢速两个阶段.在DO含量为0.5 mg/L时反应器内出现好氧区和厌氧区平衡状态,同时硝化反硝化脱氮效果最佳.反应器内可能存在一定的厌氧氨氧化脱氮过程.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to