基于小波最优重构尺度的AUV推进器故障检测方法

针对采用传统小波方法检测外部干扰下自主式水下机器人(AUV)推进器故障时存在的故障检测灵敏度较低问题,提出一种基于小波最优重构尺度确定的AUV推进器故障检测方法,基于小波Shannon熵的小波最优重构尺度确定方法确定离散多层小波分解后细节系数的最优重构尺度,目的是滤除外部干扰等与故障无关信号,并选择故障信息含量最多的最佳重构尺度进行小波单支重构以识别AUV推进器故障特征.AUV实验样机水池实验结果表明,与传统小波方法相比较,所提方法故障检测灵敏度提高了27.78%.     

基于谱熵梅尔积和改进VMD的轴承故障预警

针对传统轴承故障预警实时性较差、故障特征提取准确性影响预警效果的问题,将语音端点识别思想进行迁移,采用谱熵梅尔积特征的双门限法实时追踪故障起始点.为克服变分模态分解（variational mode decomposition,VMD）参数选取不当和端点效应对提取效果造成的影响,提出能量差网格搜索法对VMD进行参数寻优,并用支持向量回归机对端点效应进行抑制,结合多尺度加权排列熵在检测振动信号随机性方面的优势,充分发挥VMD对信号的重构能力,对起始点后的故障段进行特征捕捉.通过实际轴承故障信号的实验及数据分析,验证了该方法在轴承故障预警中的有效性.      

配电网线路高阻故障识别方法

由于故障特征不明显,检测难度大,高阻故障一直是配电网故障识别的难点。利用小波在时域和频域都具有良好的局部化性能,对暂态信号进行多尺度分解,并对各个尺度下的小波系数进行重构,抽取尺度3下的小波重构系数,计算各馈线的定时浮动窗内的量谱,根据其量值特征来识别故障所在线路。在研究电力系统各种暂态信号的基础上建立了配电网高阻故障仿真系统,通过PSCAD仿真平台利用高阻故障模型对配电网馈线进行高阻故障仿真分析。大量仿真分析表明,该方法能够有效提取故障的特征量,可对高阻故障进行在线识别。     

基于MSPCA的汽油机失火故障诊断

失火会导致汽油机性能下降,排放恶化.失火故障影响因素众多难以准确建立数学模型.本文利用多尺度主成分分析法提取气缸振动信号检测失火故障,对HQ492汽油机进行失火故障实验测试,通过小波变化和主成分分析对提取信号进行重构作为诊断失火故障的特征信号.试验结果表明:利用多尺度主成分分析可以快速准确诊断失火故障.     

采用品质因子优化和子带重构的共振稀疏分解滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对强背景噪声下的滚动轴承早期故障诊断问题,提出了一种融合遗传算法品质因子参数优化、子带重构共振稀疏分解(RSSD)和小波变换的故障诊断方法。该方法以滚动轴承早期故障振动信号RSSD低共振分量峭度指标作为目标函数,利用遗传算法对品质因子参数组合进行优化选择。依据能量分布占优原则对低共振分量进行主子带重构、减少噪声干扰且增强故障信号冲击特征。借助小波分析局部优化和多分辨的特性,对重构低共振分量进行多尺度小波分解,提取轴承故障特征且深度挖掘轴承故障特征信息。通过滚动轴承的2种不同类型故障诊断实例表明,与一般RSSD方法相比,该方法具有更强的削弱背景噪声影响、凸显微弱故障特征的能力。     

CEEMD与广义形态差值滤波结合的故障诊断方法研究

为了提取滚动轴承早期微弱故障特征信息,提出一种互补总体平均经验模态分解(Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,CEEMD)与广义形态差值滤波结合的故障诊断方法.该方法首先对振动信号进行CEEMD分解成若干不同尺度的本征模函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)分量,利用相关系数-峭度准则来选取故障信息丰富的IMF分量信号,并对其进行重构;然后采用广义形态差值滤波器对重构后的信号进行滤波,以滤除噪声干扰;最后利用Teager能量算子(Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator,TKEO)对去噪后的振动信号进行分析,提取振动信号的故障特征.滚动轴承振动信号分析试验结果证明了本文方法的有效性.     

基于小波包和EMD的异步电动机轴承的故障诊断方法

异步电动机轴承的故障信号为低频带周期冲击性特征故障数据,呈现非线性特征,倘若对此类特征信息直接做傅里叶变换,会被高频信号调制,使得故障信号严重失真。为此,提出一种新的集有小波包变换、经验模式分解和Hilbert包络谱分析相融合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,旨在消除高频噪声信号,提升故障诊断效果。利用小波包变换对滚动轴承的振动信号进行降噪,使用经验模式分解把降噪后的故障信号分解成多个有效本征模态分量,并对筛选后的故障信号进行重构处理,最后对重构信号做Hilbert包络谱分析,计算得到滚动轴承故障频率。通过实验及分析,结果表明新方法应用效果良好。     

基于EEMD降噪与二次相位耦合的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承出现故障时故障信号常常被强的背景噪声所淹没,故障特征难以准确提取的问题,提出了一种基于总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)降噪与二次相位耦合的故障诊断方法.对原始信号进行EEMD分解,通过相关系数-峭度值的大小选取EEMD分解后得到的固有模态函数(IMF).对筛选出来的IMF进行了重构从而达到降噪的目的.对重构后的包络信号进行1.5维谱分析,提取二次相位耦合产生的非线性特征,从而得到滚动轴承故障特征频率信息.通过实测滚动轴承数据验证了该方法可以有效地提取轴承内圈和外圈的故障特征,从而识别轴承的故障.     

随机干扰下AUV推进器故障特征提取与融合

针对水下传感器自身噪声等随机干扰影响水下机器人推进器故障诊断结果的准确性问题,为降低随机干扰影响,提出了基于小波近似分量提取故障特征、基于控制信号变化率提取故障特征以及带有归一化处理的特征融合方法.将速度信号进行小波分解,对分解后的尺度系数进行小波重构得到小波近似分量;对控制信号进行求导,得到控制信号变化率.基于修正贝叶斯算法,分别从小波近似分量和控制信号变化率中提取故障特征.基于证据理论对提取到的两个单一特征进行融合,并将融合结果进行归一化处理.水下机器人实验样机的水池实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

气液两相管流流型信号的小波去噪处理

流型信号能够反映气液两相管流的流动特征,它们往往会伴随着各种随机噪声.为此建立了一座气液两相流的综合试验装置,提取气液两相管流的流型信号.采用小波变换对信号样本的进行多尺度分解,利用信号和噪声在不同尺度上的特性把它们区分开来,消除噪声后再对信号进行重构,得到了较好的去噪效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.