地震作用下复合土钉支护边坡稳定性模型及应用

在考虑复合土钉支护结构与土体协同工作的情况下,根据土质边坡的破坏模式,考虑预应力锚杆中施加的预应力对稳定性计算的影响,根据极限平衡理论建立复合土钉支护边坡地震稳定性分析模型.推导计算机搜索法的边坡复合土钉支护滑移面动态搜索模式,实现随着复合土钉设计参数变化的复合土钉支护稳定性动态分析过程.较好地解决了地震作用下复合土钉支护结构稳定性分析问题.编制复合土钉支护边坡动力稳定性分析程序,结合具体工程实例进行验算.结果表明这种稳定性分析模型能够较准确地确定复合土钉支护边坡的最危险滑移面及其对应的稳定系数,具有较高的可靠度;该计算方法对土质较均匀的黄土地区是适用的.     

复合土钉支护内力与变形的模拟分析

为研究复合土钉支护体系中各构件的协同作用机理,应用FLAC-3D软件对纯土钉支护、土钉-预应力锚杆支护、土钉-微型桩-预应力锚杆支护三种支护方式进行模拟分析。结果表明：锚杆的深层锚固作用使各层土钉的轴力相对于纯土钉支护明显减小,且距离锚杆越近的土钉轴力下降越明显;预应力锚杆的挤压作用使土体的可能滑裂面后移,滑移半径增大,基坑边坡的稳定性增强;微型桩的设置,增强了其周围一定范围内土体的强度,改善了开挖后土体的应力场和边坡的稳定性;设置微型桩超前支护后,土钉及预应力锚杆的轴力均下降,但下降幅度不大;在土钉支护中相继增加预应力锚杆和微型桩后,基坑的水平位移明显减少。     

锚杆+微型桩复合土钉支护基坑稳定的可靠性

考虑预应力锚杆、微型桩与土钉的共同作用,应用边坡极限平衡理论与圆弧滑动条分法建立了预应力锚杆+微型桩复合土钉支护基坑内部整体稳定性分析的功能函数与最危险滑动面的计算模型。将土体的力学参数作为随机变量,推导了功能函数对各随机变量的偏导数。利用改进的一次二阶矩法计算了预应力锚杆+微型桩复合土钉支护基坑内部整体稳定的可靠性指标,并分析了土体力学参数的变异系数对可靠性指标的影响。     

预应力施加时段对周边土钉应力分布的影响分析

针对目前现场施工中抢工期不按规范施加预应力的情况,以郑州大学科研中心为依托工程,通过对预应力锚杆复合土钉支护结构进行全方位的原位试验,实现了对预应力施加前后构件内力与基坑位移的实时监测,研究了预应力施加时段对周边土钉应力分布的影响规律。结果表明:(1)锚杆张拉之后再开挖下层土体,紧临锚杆的上排土钉应力变化较大;(2)开挖下层土体之后再张拉锚杆,紧临锚杆的下排土钉应力变化较大;(3)预应力施加对周边土钉应力的影响有着较强的"工序效应"和"开挖效应";(4)预应力施加的主要作用不在于分担或改变支护结构的受力状态,而在于提高支护边坡的稳定性和减小土体位移。研究结论可为现场不规范施工的现状提出合理化建议。     

预应力锚杆复合土钉墙的侧向变形

为了研究土钉加预应力锚杆复合土钉墙柔性支护结构的侧向变形,通过考虑柔性支护结构中土体自身的抗侧移刚度,将土体简化为无数个连续分布的土弹簧模型,并考虑土弹簧刚度随土体的塑性发展而折减.基于基坑开挖产生的土压力由土体、土钉和预应力锚杆按刚度大小共同分担的假定,以及预应力以外荷载的形式作用到土体的假定,得到柔性支护结构中土体在自身所分担的土压力荷载、预应力和地面超载的共同作用下侧移变形的计算方法.采用有限差分软件FLAC3d对某一工程实例进行数值模拟,并与采用该方法计算所得结果进行对比,结果显示两种途径所得变形基本一致,表明该方法可以计算柔性支护结构的基坑侧向变形.     

考虑钉锚耦合的支护体系最小势能分析

为了深入探讨锚杆复合土钉支护体系的真实受力状态,提出了一种稳定性分析的新思路。基于钉锚耦合作用,将预应力施加影响考虑为一定范围土钉加固效果的弱化,建立了计算模型。势能函数考虑两部分:第一部分为预应力影响范围,包含附加应力下的滑体势能和锚杆势能;第二部分为不受预应力影响范围,包括滑体势能和土钉势能。最后根据最小势能原理进行虚位移求解和安全系数计算。研究结果表明:考虑钉锚耦合的稳定性分析可以反映复合支护体系的真实受力状态;最小势能法无需假定滑裂面形状,计算过程简单,优势明显。     

地下水基坑预应力锚杆复合土钉支护的稳定性

为研究预应力锚杆复合土钉支护体系参数中土钉长度、倾斜角度、锚杆锚固段长度对基坑稳定性的影响,采用有限元方法,考虑地下水影响,建立基坑数值分析模型,通过强度折减法,研究预应力锚杆复合土钉支护与普通土钉支护在稳定性方面的差异.研究结果表明:预应力锚杆复合土钉支护土钉长度超过10 m时,对基坑稳定性影响效果显著;复合土钉支护土钉倾角由0°到15°改变时对基坑稳定性影响较大;锚固段长度的改变对基坑稳定性影响并不显著,当锚杆总长度及预应力值一定的情况下,存在锚固段与自由段长度的最优分配,使得锚杆施力最为合理,基坑最为安全.     

地震作用下复合土钉支护边坡动力响应分析

采用大型有限元软件ADINA对复合土钉支护边坡进行地震响应分析.地震波输入选用常用的EL-Centro波,分析内容包括支护边坡位移、加速度、土钉、锚杆的轴力时程响应.在建立有限元模型时,考虑土体和支护结构相互作用;应用非线性静动力性能的弹塑性M-C模型模拟土体;采用双线形强化模型模拟支护结构;土与支护结构相互作用由接触单元模拟.结果表明复合土钉边坡支护结构比纯土钉边坡支护结构有更好的抗震性能;普通土钉支护最大水平位移发生在边坡顶部,而复合型土钉支护发生在边坡的中上部,尤其是在施加了预应力之后,边坡在地震作用下位移明显减小;土钉和锚杆轴力在地震作用下放大显著,在滑移面附近轴力最大;位移和加速度沿着坡高逐渐增大.     

桩锚与土钉联合支护结构的概念优化设计

土钉支护体系通过土中设置钉体加强边壁土体,得到支护功效.边壁原状土体强度可得到最大程度的发挥.桩锚支护结构主要通过施加锚杆预应力加强基坑边壁稳定性,控制基坑边壁侧移;将桩锚与土钉构成联合支护结构时,土钉对土体的加强作用使作用于桩锚结构上的土压力得到显著减小,锚杆预应力水平得到显著降低.本文根据桩锚与土钉联合支护结构的受力变形特点和二者的协同工作机理,研究了联合支护结构的概念优化设计方法.     

松散沙层复合土钉支护作用机制的实例分析

复合土钉支护是土钉与预应力锚杆(索)、搅拌桩(止水帷幕)、微型钢管桩等支护形式中的一种或几种加固支护型式相结合而成.但整体作用机理并非各部分支护的简单叠加.本文主要结合一个复合土钉支护工程实例,来分析复合土钉支护中各部分支护形式所起的作用及计算原理.土钉是主要的受力结构;预应力锚杆可抵消掉一部分土压力,有效减少支护土体上部的水平位移;搅拌桩主要起止水帷幕作用,同时有利于坑底的抗隆起作用;微型桩能起到增强坑壁刚度的作用,减少坑顶水平位移和沉降.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.