弧齿锥齿轮尖齿刮削刀盘的齿形优化设计

采用尖齿刮削刀盘对弧齿锥齿轮硬齿面进行刮削加工时，刀盘切削刃采用斜角直线造形法，切削刃较大刀具造形误差和重磨误差较大。充分分析各种参数对刀具造形误差和重磨误差的影响，合理选取刀具参数，是促进硬齿面刮削加工工艺广泛应用的关键。本文提出了优化尖齿刮削刀盘造形的方法，并对影响刀盘造形误差和重磨误差的参数进行了全面分析，得出了选取造形参数的基本规律。     

倒角刀刃切削过程中切削力的有限元法预测

提出了一个预测倒角刀刃切削过程中切削力大小的有限元分析模型．综合考虑了切削加工过程中大应变、大应变速率和高温对工件材料属性的影响，将工件材料的流动应力看成是应变、应变速率和温度的函数．模拟过程从刀具切入工件开始，到切削力达稳态为止．切屑的分离通过商业有限元分析软件Marc中的自适应网格重划分功能实现．采用不同切削条件下切削力的测量结果对有限元分析结果进行验证，发现二者具有较好的一致性．文申最后还分析了刀刃的几何参数对切削力的影响．     

金属切削过程的有限元法仿真研究

切削过程的建模和仿真在改善切削刀具的设计和优化切削参数方面有很大的发展潜力.建立了切削过程仿真的有限元模型预报切削力、刀具应力和切削温度.在预先收集工件流动应力数据和高应变率及高温下的摩擦因数的基础上,利用有限元软件Deform仿真研究切削过程.为了验证仿真准确性,进行了硬度200 HB的45#钢的无涂层硬质合金刀具切削试验.结果表明:切削力的预测值和试验值之间表现出了合理的一致性和共同的发展趋势;预测的切削温度的最高点无论在什么切削条件下,总是落在刀具的前刀面靠近主切削刃的部分;预测的最高的刀具应力出现在刀具的前刀面上靠近主切削刃的部分.     

减振铣刀切削钛合金TB6颤振和切削力分析

为研究减振铣刀(变螺旋角和变齿距铣刀)在切削钛合金TB6过程中的颤振和切削力,采用变螺旋角、变齿距和标准铣刀切削钛合金TB6,比较不同的切削速度和磨损量下3种铣刀的颤振和切削力特性;分析在磨损量分别为0.1,0.2和0.3 mm时3种铣刀的颤振和切削力随切削速度的变化,研究切削速度对颤振和切削力的影响;分析切削速度分别在25,30和35 m/min时3种铣刀的颤振和切削力随磨损量的变化,研究铣刀磨损对颤振和切削力的影响;分析在相同的切削速度和磨损量下3种铣刀的颤振和切削力,研究刀具几何结构对颤振和切削力的影响。研究结果表明:3种铣刀在切削过程中都没有发生明显的共振,随着切削速度和刀具磨损量增加,3种铣刀的颤振和切削力均呈增大趋势;刀具几何结构对于颤振的影响显著,相对于标准铣刀,改变螺旋角和齿距可以有效减小颤振;刀具几何结构对切削力的影响不明显,3种不同几何结构铣刀在不同切削速度和磨损量下的切削力规律不一致。     

纳米/超细晶切屑形成机理的有限元研究

建立了大负前角和钝圆半径联合作用的大应变切削模型,采用有限元分析软件模拟较低切削速度下刀具前角和钝圆半径对切屑形态、等效应变、应力、应变速率、切削温度和主切削力的影响.结果显示,随着刀具前角的减小和钝圆半径的增加,切削变形区中的等效应变、应力、应变速率、切削温度和主切削力均有一定程度的增加,且刀具前角比钝圆半径影响更为显著;负前角切削时,钝圆半径的作用明显减弱;大负前角低速切削时,切屑在相对低的温度、较高的应变速率和应力下发生大剪切应变,形成具有纳米/超细晶结构和高硬度的切屑材料.     

基于J-C本构模型的2A12铝合金高速铣削特性研究

针对高速切削过程中切削参数选取优化问题,基于ABAQUS软件建立硬质合金刀具高速切削2A12铝合金有限元模型,通过仿真方法分析切削参数和刀具参数对切削力的影响,并进行铣削实验对仿真结果进行对比.误差在17%以内,验证了仿真模型的可用性.为高速铣削铝合金工件过程中,选择合理刀具几何参数与切削参数提供了理论依据.     

干切削过程中切削力和切削温度的数值模拟及试验

建立了基于拉格朗日增量法的切削有限元模拟模型并分析了正交干切削6061-T6过程中切削力以及切削温度的变化.工件材料的流动应力看成是应力、应变以及温度的函数.模拟过程从刀具切入工件开始直到达到稳态.计算结果包括切屑形态,以及应变、应力、应变速度和温度的分布.同样条件下的多组切削试验用于验证有限元模型的正确性.     

大应变切削制备纳米晶/超细晶切屑形成机理的有限元研究

本文建立了大负前角和钝圆半径联合作用的大应变切削模型,采用有限元Deform分析软件模拟较低的切削速度下,刀具前角和钝圆半径对切屑形态、应力、应变、应变速率、切削温度和切削力的影响。实验结果显示,随着刀具前角的减小和钝圆半径的增加,切削变形区中等效应变、应力、应变速率、切削温度和切削力均有一定程度的增加,且刀具前角相比钝圆半径具有更加重要的影响,而负前角切削时,钝圆半径的作用明显减弱。大负前角低速切削条件下,切屑在相对低的温度、较高的应变速率和应力下发生大剪切应变,形成具有纳米晶/超细晶结构和高硬度的切屑材料。     

弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮刮削新刀盘设计

在弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮的刮削加工工艺中，刮削刀盘需要采用大的负前角和大的负刃倾角，已有的“斜角直线造形法”为解决刀具的强度和易崩刃问题，要求刀具的负刃倾角的绝对值要尽可能大，而此时造形误差又有较大的增加，本文提出“斜角圆弧造形法”既保留了斜角切削刮削刀刃强度好和抗冲击性能好的优点，同时又使造形误差大大减小，抗崩刃能力也得到了增强。     

基于有限元仿真的刀具几何参数优化

为了研究干式切削加工中刀具几何参数对难加工航空材料加工过程和表面质量的影响,建立了二维正交切削有限元模型.利用Advant Edge FEM仿真软件模拟了立方氮化硼刀具干式车削高温合金GH169的过程,分析了刀具前角、后角、刃口钝圆半径对工件表面残余应力的影响.采用矩阵分析法对刀具几何参数对切削力、切削温度和最大残余拉应力的综合影响进行分析计算,得到了最优刀具几何参数组合,延长刀具寿命的同时改善了工件表面质量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-