数字图像处理技术在干涉仪中的应用

利用CCD(charge-coupled device)对立式接触式干涉仪进行改装研制,变目视观察与判读读数为光电探测、自动瞄准、测量,把显微镜下的干涉条纹图像利用CCD采集后传输到计算机.结合数字图像处理技术,利用波长定度方法实现自动定度,双边直线拟合法自动确定0级干涉条纹中心的准确位置,并根据量块形成的0级干涉条纹中心偏移像素值计算量块长度.实验测试结果表明利用数字图像处理技术消除了人为判读差错的可能性,提高了工作效率,稳定可靠.     

基于多周期条纹投影技术的位相逆推法在物体表面形状测量中的应用

提出了一种基于多周期条纹投影技术和位相逆推法的物体表面形状测量法,该方法通过分析干涉条纹的位相分布来测得物体的表面形状。相对于单波长干涉仪、条纹投影法等其他测量方法而言,多周期条纹投影法不仅具有更高的测量精度和更大的测量范围,而且还可以用来测量非连续表面形状。此外,在多周期条纹投影法的基础上,还介绍了一种新的空间位相分析方法：位相逆推法。运用这种方法测量物体表面形状可以极大提高测量的精度和系统的稳定性。数值仿真及实验表明,由位相过零点所得到的测量值精度高于由振幅最大值所得到的测量值精度;当测量范围为毫米级时,基于多周期条纹投影法的位相逆推法的测量精度可以达到微米级。     

提高激光干涉测量系统精度的方法与途径

激光干涉系统的测量精度会受到系统本身机械结构及光学元件布局的影响，因此采用了耦合差动干涉的方法，使影响测量精度的各种因素尽量由干涉系统自身予以消除，提高了干涉仪的分辨率和稳定性．利用以Heydemann修正模型为基础的误差补偿方法，对干涉信号中存在的非正交误差、不等幅误差及直流电平漂移误差进行了修正．根据多点拟合的原理，提出了减小运算量的新算法．设计了以C8051F005单片机为核心的电路补偿模块，实现了以上3种误差的实时补偿．实验结果表明：通过采取以上措施，该干涉测量系统在10mm的测量范围内取得了10～12nm的测量精度．     

二维光栅平面精密位移测量系统研究

文章利用二维衍射光栅作为测量基准进行平面微位移测量,采用偏振干涉的原理设计系统的光路。通过对干涉条纹的光电转换得到质量较好的正交信号,经对系统误差的补偿,把系统的测量结果与双频干涉仪进行对比,此系统可实现纳米级分辨率的二维平面测量。     

用干涉条纹密度确定非球面检测点光源的最佳位置

在对非球面的干涉检测中,记录干涉图的CCD的选型、光路中光学器件的选择和干涉图的分析计算以及检测系统的精度评价等,都与干涉入射点光源和参考点光源的位置直接相关。为了能够准确地预判非球面检测时入射球面光波和参考球面光波的点光源最佳位置,采用计算和分析在点光源与被测非球面反射光波的干涉条纹密度的方法,确定非球面干涉检测时入射球面光波和参考球面光波的点光源的最佳位置。通过上述方法不仅能够确定非球面检测时点光源的最佳位置,还可用于全面地分析干涉条纹密度的分布,并用于制定检测系统CCD等光路元件选型的基本策略,也可用于对非球面检测的调试过程进行理论指导。     

CCD像元尺寸对移相干涉术相位测量精度的影响

针对移相干涉术中CCD探测器采集高密度干涉条纹的过程,对影响相位测量精度的主要因素进行了理论分析和仿真研究.结果表明,随着CCD像元尺寸及随机噪声标准差的增大,CCD探测得到的时域光强信号信噪比降低,引入的相位测量误差也增大.当信噪比约高于24时,相位测量精度可优于π/50rad,折合成光程差即优于λ/100,为后续研究扩展移相干涉术的测量范围提供了理论上的定量依据.     

小角度干涉条纹移动测量法

要 本文阐述具有角度的工件在干涉显微镜下移动，造成光程差的变化，从而引起干涉条纹的移 动。通过测量工件的移动量和干涉条纹移动量之间的关系计算工件角度．这种方法比起一般干涉 条纹不动的测量法可扩大测量范围、提高测量精度，使用也较方便．文中列举几个测量实例和数 据，并分析其测量精度。     

F—P腔相干测量模型的建立与测量精度分析

研究了应用法布里－珀罗（简称Ｆ－Ｐ）干涉仪实现气体或透明液体折射率和浓度相干的原理,给出了检测系统的主要设计方法和技术参数。该系统主要由光纤Ｆ－Ｐ传感器、ＣＣＤ光电转换器、接口电路和微机组成,主要特点是实现了对折射率和浓度的实时、连续、动态跟踪和高精度测量。我们导出了待测介质的折射率或浓度的变化量随干涉条纹的变化量变化的函数关系式,提出了干涉条纹的“中心位置定位法”,设计了干涉条纹动态跟踪的完整算     

利用部分补偿透镜进行非球面面形测量

提出用部分补偿透镜进行非球面检验的方法.对部分补偿透镜的设计方法和要求进行了研究,针对3种不同参数的非球面设计了部分补偿透镜,结构比零补偿器更简单.分析了各种部分补偿透镜的非球面度补偿范围,证明用简单且易于制造的部分补偿透镜补偿不同相对孔径和非球面度的非球面.测量精度可达到λ/10.     

光纤激光干涉测速

为了测量运动物体的速度,基于多普勒效应构建了光纤速度干涉仪.系统由光源发射器与接收器、非对称马赫-曾德尔光纤干涉仪、光电接收系统、数据处理4个部分组成.光电接收探测器采集不同时刻运动物体的反射光波形成的干涉条纹,通过对数据进行分析和计算,获得运动物体的运动速度和加速度剖面.在霍普金森杆测量实验中,为获得具有良好对比度的干涉条纹,激光光源谱带宽应优于50kHz,功率稳定度为0.07dB,测速范围和测量精度由光纤干涉仪的延迟光纤长度决定.干涉仪的标定可通过测量延迟光纤长度为100m时的条纹常数来实现.测量结果表明,由干涉信号求得的膛口速度和由光触发脉冲求得的膛口速度之间的误差在1‰以内.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.