焊丝表面Ni-TiO_2复合镀工艺的优化

采用复合电镀的方法,在焊丝表面施镀Ni-TiO2的涂层,研究了施镀时间、镀液温度、电流密度和硫酸镍的含量等因素对镀层的影响.利用正交实验法综合考虑各因素选出Ni-TiO2复合电镀层的最佳工艺参数.实验结果表明,理想的工艺为:施镀时间5min,镀液温度40℃,硫酸镍的浓度100g/L,电流密度4A/dm2.     

镍-磷-Si3N4纳米粒子复合镀工艺研究

通过正交试验法确定了镍-磷-Si3N4纳米粒子复合镀最佳施镀工艺,对正交试验进行了详细的分析,从而确定了镀层最佳施镀工艺：纳米粒子含量为1．0g／L,施镀温度为82℃,镀液pH=4．8。     

化学镀Ni-P合金的工艺条件研究

采用单因素试验法和正交试验法研究了还原荆以及化学镀时间、温度、pH值对化学镀沉积速度的影响,得到了一种稳定性好、镀速快的化学镀Ni—P合金的工艺.其最佳工艺条件为:NiSO4·6H2O30g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O40g/L,柠檬酸钠10g/L,醋酸9mL/L,乳酸9mL/L,pH值6.0,施镀温度90℃,施镀时间1.5h.该工艺条件下,镀速可达11.14mg/(cm2·h),化学镀1.5h后镀层厚度可达23.6-24.0μm.镀层具有较强的耐蚀性,孔隙率分布较窄.镀层表面平整、光亮、分布均匀,有可视性很好的淡黄色的光泽,无麻点、裂纹、起泡、分层或结瘤等缺馅.     

碳纤维复合材料化学镀工艺研究

为确定最佳化学镀制备碳纤维复合材料工艺条件,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等表征涂镀产物的组成及形貌. 实验结果表明:温度、pH值、装载量、纤维长度和搅拌方式对施镀效果有影响,镀铜最佳工艺条件为温度60 ℃,pH=12,装载量60 mg/250 mL,碳纤维长度为1 mm. 镀铜镍碳纤维(CNCF)的镀层元素为铜和镍,镀层均匀,铜、镍为多晶,结晶质量、表面一致性良好,电镜确定铜层厚度约为1 μm,与理论计算0.96 μm基本吻合.      

竹炭粉表面超声波化学镀铜的研究

以硫酸铜为主盐、甲醛为还原剂,采用超声波辅助化学镀铜的方法,对竹炭粉表面进行镀铜工艺研究,并采用扫描电镜及能谱仪对镀铜竹炭表面结构和镀层成分进行分析。 采用化学镀铜工艺条件为：细小颗粒竹炭粉(d<0.08 mm),施镀过程的前5 min不加载超声波,之后加载20 min超声波,主盐硫酸铜质量浓度15 g/L、还原剂甲醛体积浓度为25 mL/L 、镀液pH=12、施镀温度60 ℃,可获得表面载铜率32.3 %、体积电阻率0.16 Ω·cm的镀铜竹炭粉,且镀铜竹炭比表面积降低。     

Ni-P-纳米TiO_2化学复合镀工艺条件的优化

由于化学复合镀体系不稳定,对工艺条件的要求也比较严格,因此工艺条件对于化学复合镀工艺起着重要作用。以碳钢为基材对其表面进行Ni-P-纳米TiO_2化学复合镀。以沉积速率、分散性、镀层孔隙率以及显微硬度作为评价指标,通过单因素和正交实验来研究镀液中添加纳米TiO_2含量、施镀温度、复合镀液的pH值对纳米TiO_2化学复合镀的影响来优化工艺条件。得到最优工艺条件为纳米TiO_2含量1.0 g/L,温度为88℃,pH值为5.0时沉积速率、分散性、镀层孔隙率以及显微硬度较好。     

镍-纳米Al2O3复合电镀的工艺研究

文章研究了镍-纳米氧化铝复合电镀的配方和工艺条件,考察了纳米微粒的用量、分散剂、分散方法、pH、电流密度、施镀条件等因素对施镀工艺和镀层外观的影响.通过正交设计法获得最佳工艺条件为:pH＝4.5,t=60℃,电流密度J≈3.2 A/dm2.     

玻璃基体表面化学镀镍的研究

玻璃镀件通过碱洗、酸洗除去油污及其杂质,再用HF酸进行表面腐蚀,使镀件具有一定的粗糙度.然后控制一定的温度和时间,进行敏化、活化处理.使玻璃基体表面具有催化活性中心,最后将玻璃镀件放入镀镍溶液中进行化学镀镍,控制温度和pH值,进行玻璃的化学镀镍.实验研究了玻璃化学镀镍的操作方法、工艺条件及各种因素对镀层的影响,通过多次试验,确定了玻璃化学镀镍的最佳工艺条件（PH=5.38,温度为85℃）和实验方法.     

化学镀Ni-P-ZrO_2工艺及性能

以NiSO4 为施镀主盐 ,次亚磷酸钠为还原剂研究了化学镀法在工件表面获得良好性能的Ni P ZrO2 镀层的工艺 .用正交试验法确定了镀液的最佳成分 ,考察了施镀温度、搅拌速度、ZrO2 微粒的添加量对镀层形成的影响 ,并用X射线衍射和电子探针对镀层的结构进行了分析 .结果表明 ,镀液的最佳组成为 :NiSO4 30g·L-1,配合剂 18g·L-1,稳定剂 2g·L-1,次亚磷酸钠 2 0g·L-1,促进剂 15g·L-1;施镀工艺条件为 :施镀温度 85～ 90℃ ,ZrO2 微粒加入量 10～ 2 0g·L-1,在施镀过程中采用间歇式搅拌法 ;经过 30 0℃以下的热处理后镀层结构仍为非晶态结构 ,经过 30 0℃以上的热处理后 ,则变为晶体结构 ;用以上方法获得的镀层为高磷镀层 .此外 ,用浓度为 10 % (质量分数 )的盐酸检验镀层的耐蚀性 ,结果表明ZrO2 微粒的加入不会影响Ni P基质层的抗蚀性 .因此 ,采用本工艺能获得性能优良的Ni P ZrO2 合金镀层 ,且性能比Ni P镀层有显著提高     

ABS塑料化学镀铜工艺的研究

用乙二醛取代传统化学镀铜中的甲醛作为还原剂,研究了化学镀铜的基本工艺,揭示了络合剂用量、乙二醛用量、pH对铜沉积速度、镀液稳定性及镀层结构等的影响.确定了最佳工艺条件为酒石酸氢钾质量浓度27g/L、乙二醛体积分数5%、镀液的最佳pH为10.9.表面SEM观察显示,镀层均匀、光亮.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.