波纹通道形状对流动与换热影响的数值研究

应用数值方法,研究了流体在结构对称的正弦形、三角形、椭圆形、圆弧切线形及阶梯形通道内周期性充分发展的层流流动与换热特性,分析了恒壁温、常物性条件下通道表面形状,以及雷诺数RP对流动与换热性能的影响;并对不同通道的摩擦阻力系数f、表征换热特征的努谢尔特数Nu以及综合性能参数G分别进行了比较.结果表明:阶梯形通道内流体流动的f最大,正弦形通道的次之,椭圆形通道的f随Re的变化规律与其他通道的不尽相同;不同结构通道表面Nu的相对大小与Re的范围相关,Re>150后,阶梯形通道的换热能力最强,椭圆的最弱;三角形通道的综合性能最佳,椭圆形通道的最差,除阶梯形通道外,小Re时通道的综合性能优于大Re时的性能.本研究成果为换热器设计提供理论依据.     

不同相位差正弦型波纹通道内流动与换热特性的数值研究

研究了流体在不同相位差的正弦型波纹通道内周期性充分发展的层流流动特征及强化换热特性,利用数值模拟方法探讨了波纹上、下板相位差对流动与换热的影响.计算结果表明:对于不同相位差的通道在当量直径与入口质量流量分别相同的条件下,流动与换热特性与Re的范围有关,上、下波纹板相位差为0°与180°时通道的阻力较高,相位差为30°时通道的阻力最低,同时也以相位差为0°时通道表面的换热速率最高,相位差为30°时通道表面的换热速率相对较低,即表面换热性能的改善要以压力损失的增大为代价.     

两种不同通道内周期性充分发展流动换热的模拟研究

周期性直肋通道是从不同型式的高效换热器中抽象出来的通道模型,采用非稳态数学模型,应用周期性充分发展的假设模拟了周期性矩形直肋通道(A)和半圆形直肋通道(B)内的流动换热情况,并对两种通道的换热特性及其所表现出来的非线性特性进行了对比.计算时采用低雷诺数Re、二维、层流强制对流模型.结果表明,当Re较小时,流动与换热处于稳态;当Re大于某一临界值时,流动与换热发生了非稳态振荡,系统均表现出丰富的非线性现象.在计算范围内,A通道随着Re的增大经历了稳态与周期性振荡阶段;B通道则先后经历了稳态、周期性振荡、拟周期振荡以及混沌状态.     

反转压水反应堆热工水力特性初步研究

采用CFD软件FLUENT对反转压水反应堆(IPWR:Inverted Pressurized WaterReactor)单个燃料元件及冷却剂通道流场进行了数值模拟计算,分析比较了不同栅格尺寸情况下的热工水力特性.计算结果表明,栅格尺寸对IPWR燃料元件温度及冷却剂流动传热特性有较大影响,为今后IPWR燃料栅元、组件、堆芯设计和热工水力分析提供了初步参考和依据.     

涡旋核心分布对斜置肋片蒸汽冷却通道换热特性的影响

数值计算了宽高比为2∶1,雷诺数为1×104~6×104,肋角度分别为30°、60°、90°时蒸汽冷却带肋通道,采用流场涡旋核心显示技术分析了各肋角度下带肋通道涡旋的产生、演变过程、形态变化以及分布规律,研究了涡旋分布规律对通道换热系数的影响。结果表明:肋角度对带肋通道涡旋形态和分布规律有较大影响,90°通道主要由横向涡组成,30°、60°通道主要由纵向涡和主涡组成;纵向涡的换热特性比横向涡更好,30°、60°通道平均换热系数比90°通道高;30°通道纵向涡的分支以及流体的黏性耗散会导致纵向涡涡旋强度和尺度减小、纵向涡的换热性能削弱,这使得30°通道平均换热系数比未发生纵向涡分支的60°通道低;相对于边界层的距离、涡旋半径,涡旋强度、涡旋核心是影响涡旋强化换热的更重要的参数。该结果可为主动控制带肋通道涡旋强化换热研究提供参考。     

不同旋转轴对矩形通道内湍流与换热影响研究

对旋转矩形通道(横截面的长宽比b/a=2)内湍流流动和换热进行了大涡数值模拟.基于一种具有二阶精度的不协调混合格式(Adams-Bashforth/Crank-Nicholson)对N-S方程进行离散.采用动态亚格子模型对雷诺应力进行了模拟.湍流雷诺数Reτ和普朗特数Pr分别为400和0.71,旋转数Roτ=0～5.分析了管道横截面内平均速度、平均温度以及湍流强度的分布.结果表明,不同的旋转轴对湍流流动和换热有重要的影响,在高旋转数时,湍流结构在稳定侧和非稳定侧均有明显的变化.在相同旋转数下,与矩形通道绕z轴旋转时相比,系统绕y轴旋转的平均换热系数有所增大.     

三角型通道内流动与换热性能的数值研究

利用数值模拟方法,在不同雷诺数下研究了不同放缩比的三角型通道内周期性充分发展的层流流动和换热特性,分析了放缩比和雷诺数对流动与换热的影响.结果表明,当放缩比越小或越大时,流体都容易产生旋涡;随着雷诺数的增大,流体在各种放缩比通道中的阻力系数都是减小的,而换热速率在不同放缩比时随雷诺数的变化是不同的.     

两种渐扩渐缩通道内层流传热特性的比较

利用贴体坐标系计算了等壁温工况下水在线型及波纹型渐扩渐缩通道内周期性充分发展的对流换热特性,两种通道进口高度相同,沿流动方向截面积相等,在相同质量流量、相同压力降和相同泵功率等条件下,比较了两种通道的换热特性,计算结果表明,在相同质量流量与相同泵功率条件下,波纹型通道的换热特性优于线型通道,而在相同压力降情况下波纹型通道不如线型通道。     

空气在三角形波纹通道内湍流流动与换热的数值研究

采用数值模拟的方法,对流动与换热进入周期性充分发展段等壁温边界条件下三角形波纹通道内流体的流动与换热进行二维数值模拟分析,计算考察了雷诺数Re、间距比ε及波纹纵横比γ对流动与换热性能的影响。结果表明:Re数及波纹纵横比γ较小时,不会出现回流;在计算的Re范围内,随着Re的增加,平均努塞尔数Nu呈递增趋势,摩擦阻力系数f呈下降趋势;并拟合出通道不同几何因子下阻力系数f及表面换热特性数Nu随Re变化的关联式。通过对性能参数j/f的分析得出,采用小间距比ε或者小波纹纵横比γ均可以提高换热性能。     

V形肋通道内蒸汽冷却的传热及流动特性

在雷诺数处于(6.0~17.7)×103的条件下,利用红外热像仪测量了蒸汽冷却、不同角度V形肋通道换热表面的局部努赛尔数分布,利用计算流体动力学软件对其进行了数值模拟,分析了不同角度V形肋通道内蒸汽的传热特性及压力损失,并与相近工况下的空气冷却结果进行对比.结果表明:采用V形肋通道可以有效提高通道的强化换热特性;随着V形肋角度的减小,冷却性能不断提高,45°的V形肋通道的换热性能最佳;V形肋可使换热通道内部流体形成二次流,通道核心区的低温流体随之补充,使得通道中间靠近换热面的热边界层减薄;在相同雷诺数的条件下,蒸汽冷却的传热性能明显高于空气冷却,但两者的压力损失十分接近.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to