循环荷载下饱和软黏土累积变形遗传分数阶导数开尔文模型

研究循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土的累积变形对计算交通荷载引起的地基沉降具有重要意义。对饱和软黏土分别进行围压为100k Pa、150k Pa、200k Pa的等向固结动应力比为0.1、0.2和偏压固结动应力比为0.06、0.1、0.2的循环加载试验,得到轴向循环塑性应变与时间的关系,分析得到围压、动应力比及固结形式对轴向循环塑性应变的影响规律;将Abel黏壶引入开尔文模型,得到分数阶开尔文模型;利用遗传算法优化轴向循环塑性累积应变的开尔文模型和分数阶开尔文模型的参数,通过分析两组模型的计算值与试验值的对比曲线,得到分数阶开尔文模型更适合模拟计算循环荷载下饱和软黏土的累积变形。     

饱和砂的动孔压演化特性试验研究

利用GDS 10 Hz/20 kN双向振动三轴系统,对饱和砂进行不排水动三轴液化试验,研究了液化进程中动孔压的发展规律,并阐述了动孔压的演化机理.基于试验结果,提出适用于饱和砂的动孔压应变模型.该模型直接和动力分析中应变幅相联系,能够弥补应力模型的不足,并具有较好的适用性.等压固结条件下,动应力和固结压力对动孔压比与动应变比的关系影响较小,动孔压发展规律可近似用同一模型表示.不同动应力和固结压力作用下,饱和砂土动孔压的增长模式用Seed提出的孔压应力模型描述时,试验常数可取相同值.     

饱和砂土应力应变控制试验动力特性的比较

利用振动扭剪试验,在应力控制和应变控制加载条件下,对饱和砂土材料的残余孔压累积特性及剪应力剪应变骨干曲线随孔压变化的瞬态特性进行了试验研究,并利用提出的弹塑性动应力应变本构模型,对应力控制和应变控制试验的瞬时滞回曲线及应变路径长度进行了分析比较,从多方面探讨了应力控制和应变控制加载条件下饱和砂土 态动力特性之间的内在联系。     

南海钙质砂的液化特性动三轴试验研究

随着南海岛礁建设的快速发展,确定钙质砂工程场地的液化特性是预防和减轻地基液化灾害的重要课题。为研究钙质砂在动力荷载作用下的液化特性,开展了钙质砂室内动三轴试验,考虑有效围压和动应力比两方面因素,对钙质砂动孔压的发展过程、动应变的累积特征以及滞回曲线的演变规律进行了分析。试验表明,随着围压的增大,钙质砂的抗液化能力增强,试样出现失稳时的累积塑性应变也随之增加;有效围压越大,钙质砂的孔压曲线波动幅度越大,循环活动强度增强。钙质砂累积塑性应变的变化趋势相似,开始稳定发展,累积到试样失稳位置后应变急剧增加,使试样变形破坏。钙质砂在液化破坏后,颗粒骨架结构仍然存在一定的残余强度。滞回曲线的面积呈现先增大后缩小的演变规律;滞回圈的形状在液化过程前期基本不变,中期会发生剧烈变化,后期又逐渐趋于稳定。     

动力作用对复合固化淤泥土力学性能的影响

利用GDS(global digital system)动三轴仪对固化淤泥土开展动三轴UU试验,研究其轴向累积应变、动强度、动应力-动应变滞回曲线和动弹性模量等参数的变化规律。研究表明:固化土轴向应变随振动次数呈阶梯状分布,轴向应力较小时,固化土轴向应变先随振动次数增加而增大,随后趋于稳定,且固化掺量越高,轴向累积应变越小。固化土的动应力-动应变曲线呈应变硬化型,试样发生剪胀破坏,固化剂掺量越大,曲线越陡。复合固化剂掺量和围压越大,滞回圈的面积越小,其位置越靠近竖轴;滞回圈的面积先随振动次数的增加逐渐增大,当振动次数超过1 000次后,其面积逐渐维持稳定。经复合固化改良后,淤泥土的初始动弹性模量有显著提高,且围压越高,动弹性模量越大,但在动力作用下变化显著,当应变超过1.0%后,固化土的动弹性模量与素土变化一致。     

石灰改良路基填料的动力特性试验研究

利用GDS动三轴仪对石灰改良路基填料开展动三轴UU试验,以石灰掺量、围压及动应力幅值为变量,分析了石灰改良土的累积轴向应变及应力应变滞回特性的变化规律。试验结果表明:首级加载下,各土样的轴向变形随循环加载次数增加先增大后趋于稳定,素土变形最大,2 000次振动后累积轴向应变接近6%,各石灰改良土在2 000次振动后累积轴向应变低于2%,其中L_C=6%约0.57%;同一石灰掺量下,土体变形随动应力幅值增大而增大,随围压增大而减小;土样的应力应变滞回圈随围压增大越靠近竖轴,面积越大,抵抗变形能力变强,滞回圈随动应力幅值增大距离竖轴越远,抵抗变形能力越弱。     

洱海泥炭质土滞回曲线形态特征的定量研究

以重塑泥炭质土为研究对象,利用全球数字系统(global digital systems,GDS)动三轴仪对土体进行循环加载试验,分析一系列围压、固结比(Kc)、频率下土体滞回曲线演化规律,采用滞回曲线长轴斜率(k)、中心偏移量(d)、动应变幅值(εm)和包围的面积(S)对洱海高原湖相泥炭质土滞回曲线形态特征进行定量描述.试验结果表明:泥炭质土滞回曲线较为封闭,整体呈长梭形,在相同动应力幅值下,εm随围压、固结比、频率增大而减小,且减小速度逐渐降低;k随动应力幅值(σm)增大呈对数关系衰减,随围压、固结比、频率增大而增大,加载前期对频率变化表现不敏感;d和S随σm增大呈两阶段增大,加载前期增大平缓,后以指数关系快速增大;d和S随围压和频率增大而减小,且对频率变化表现更敏感;非等压固结(Kc≠1.0)条件下的d比等压固结(Kc=1.0)条件下更大,且S即土体完成一个荷载循环消耗能量更小.     

不同结构强度软粘土的动孔压特性试验研究

岩土工程建设中常遇到天然状态、受扰动状态以及经过注浆加固处理的软土,这些结构强度不同的土体在振动荷载作用下的动孔压特性对地基的沉降具有较明显的影响。利用HX-100循环三轴仪对杭州原状、完全重塑以及掺水泥的粘土试样进行循环加载试验,探讨这三类土样的动孔压特性的异同点。试验结果表明:当动应力幅值较小时,三种试样的动孔压均随振次增加而不断升高。当动应力较大时,原状样的孔压增长速率变慢,且最终的累积孔压值也较小,在结构屈服压力下进行固结时这个特点尤为明显。     

不同固结度冻融软土动载下孔压模型

以冻结温度和融土初始固结度为影响因素,通过室内动三轴试验对地铁循环荷载作用下冻融软土的孔压发展规律进行研究.结合试验数据,建立了考虑冻结温度和融土初始固结度的影响因素的冻融土动孔压累积试验模型.研究表明,冻融作用改变土体内部颗粒联结形式和孔隙结构,导致在循环荷载作用下冻融土动孔压累积速率加快;冻结温度越低,冻融土孔压发展速率越快,且在振动后期的稳定孔压值越高;冻融土初始固结度对孔压发展有影响,初始固结度越高,孔压发展越缓慢,且稳定值越低;低温冻结和低初始固结度的耦合作用加剧了冻融土孔压的累积,使其结构进一步软化.     

不同固结度冻融软土动载下孔压模型试验研究

以冻结温度和融土初始固结度为影响因素,通过室内动三轴试验对地铁循环荷载作用下冻融软土的孔压发展规律进行研究.结合试验数据,建立了考虑冻结温度和融土初始固结度的影响因素的冻融土动孔压累积试验模型.研究表明,冻融作用改变土体内部颗粒联结形式和孔隙结构,导致在循环荷载作用下冻融土动孔压累积速率加快;冻结温度越低,冻融土孔压发展速率越快,且在振动后期的稳定孔压值越高;冻融土初始固结度对孔压发展有影响,初始固结度越高,孔压发展越缓慢,且稳定值越低;低温冻结和低初始固结度的耦合作用加剧了冻融土孔压的累积,使其结构进一步软化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.