Lead-bismuth-free piezoceramics （Na0.5K0.44Li0.06）Nb0.95Sb0.05O3-Na5.6Cu1.2Sb10O29

Newly developed sintering aid Na5.6Cu1.2Sb10O29 (NCS) and lead-bismuth-free piezoceramics (Na0.5K0.44Li0.06) Nb0.95Sb0.05O3 (NKLNS) were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction. The effects of sintering aid NCS on the electrical properties of NKLNS were investigated. It was found that the addition of a proper amount of sintering aid NCS to NKLNS is effective not only on improving the density and the piezoelectric activity, but also on reducing the dielectric loss of NKLNS. The NKLNS doped with 0.4 mol% NCS has a piezoelectric constant d33 as high as 261pC/N and an electromechanical coupling factor k33 above 60%. These results show that NCS-doped NKLNS is a promising and practicable candidate for lead-bismuth-free piezoceramics.     

Single-negative properties of Ba2Co1.8Cu0.2Fe12O22 and Ba3Co2Fe23.4Zn0.6O41 hexagonal ferrites

The electromagnetic properties of Ba₂Co_1.8Cu_0.2Fe₁₂O₂₂ (Co₂Y) and Ba₃Co₂Fe_23.4Zn_0.6O₄₁ (Co₂Z) were studied by measuring microwave scattering parameters. In the transmission spectra of Ba₂Co_1.8Cu_0.2Fe₁₂O₂₂, a forbidden band emerges due to ferromagnetic resonance, and the permeability will turn to negative in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency. In the complex permittivity spectra of Ba₃Co₂Fe_23.4Zn_0.6O₄₁, the negative permittivity can be obtained due to dielectric resonance. Therefore, Co₂Y and Co₂Z can be used to construct left-handed materials possessing negative permeability and negative permittivity simultaneously.     

TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性

基于变插入层介电常数的多层绝缘结构能改善电场分布、提高真空沿面闪络特性.通过真空热压烧结制备了TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3(A-B-A)3层绝缘结构,A层w(TiO2)为0.5%到20%.测量了该绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性,发现闪络特性随w(TiO2)的增加而提高,当w(TiO2)为20%时,其脉冲初次闪络电压较同等厚度的Al2O3陶瓷提高了63%.研究发现:A层的介电常数可由w(TiO2)调控,介电常数的增大能有效降低真空-绝缘子-阴极三结合点处的电场强度;A层表面存在的TiO2颗粒可以减小二次电子发射系数并改善表面电荷分布;TiO2的电导率虽比Al2O3高,但其仍为绝缘体,即使TiO2含量较高时也不会形成贯穿的导电通道.     

CaO-ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃陶瓷的制备及化学稳定性研究

玻璃陶瓷是固化处理中、高放废物和α废物较为理想的候选材料之一。研究了特定条件下制备的CaO-ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2体系玻璃陶瓷在水淬和空气中自然冷却的两种冷却制度对其结晶行为和显微结构的影响,用粉末浸泡实验方法测试了其化学稳定性。结果表明:自然冷却形成的玻璃陶瓷晶相主要是ZrSiO4和ZrTiO4;在25～70℃范围内,温度对玻璃陶瓷浸出率无明显影响,90℃下浸出率比25℃,40℃,70℃的浸出率高一个数量级;7 d元素总的归一化浸出为1.87 g/m2。     

在Na3AlF6-AlF3-CaF2-LiF-Al2O3体系中低温铝电解

Based on the main physico-chemical properties of Na₃AlF₆-AlF₃-CaF₂-LiF-Al₂O₃ system studied, including liquidus temperature、electrical conductivity and bath density, a laboratory scale vertical discharging aluminum type electrolysis cell of about 100A capacity was run with TiB₂ cathodes and low molar ratio(1.5～2.0) electrolytes at 800～930℃ range. Aluminum metal was obtained with 84.6%～88.3% current efficiencies and 11.54～11.83 kW^.h/kg specific energy consumption.     

关于Euler-致型方程x^2-D1y^2=2s^2和x^2-D2y^2=-2t^2

设D1，D2是无平方因子正整数，该文给出了方程组x^2-D1y^2=2s^2和x^2-D2y^2=-2t^2有本原整数解(x，y，s，t)的必要条件。     

Crystallization Mechanism of Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-F- Glass Containing Cr2O3

The effect of Cr₂O₃ on the nucleation and crystallization of Na₂O-CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-F- glass has been investigated by means of ESR(Electron Spin Resonance), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS(Energy Dispersive Specrometer) and so on. Computer pattern recognition is applied to optimize the heat-treatment schedules. The experimental results show that the base glass containing more than 1.5 % (mass fraction) Cr₂O₃ can be nucleated internally and converted to spheroidal crystal glass materials. The spheroidal crystal consisted of fibrous wollastonite crystals radiating from a center. The residual glass phase filled in the interstices between the fibers and between the spherulites. During heat treatment process, the valence states ofchromium changed from Cr6- to Cr3-, and the Cr-spinel solidsolution [CaCr₂O₄] precipitated followed this valence change. At the primary stage of crystallization, the Cr-spinel could act as a nucleating center on which the principal or}stalline phase β-CaSiO₃ grew epitaxially.     

二维磁性NbSi2N4-WSi2N4-NbSi2N4异质结的光生电流效应

采用量子输运方法研究了二维(2D)磁性NbSi₂N₄-WSi₂N₄-NbSi₂N₄面内异质结的光生电流效应.该异质结具有C2v非空间反演对称性,在可见光范围内,用线偏光垂直及倾斜照射时,均能激发显著的光生电流效应,产生自旋极化且偏振敏感的光电流.光电流与偏振角(θ)和入射角(α)均为余弦依赖(cos(2θ),cos(2α))关系.两种照射方式下均能产生纯自旋流及完全自旋极化的光电流.在垂直照射时,能取得完美的自旋阀效应.这些结果表明,二维磁性NbSi₂N₄-WSi₂N₄-NbSi₂N₄异质结在低能耗自旋电子学及低维光电探测领域具有应用潜力.     

H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

采用浸渍法制备了H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,并通过FT-IR、XRD对其进行了表征。探讨了该催化剂对合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的催化活性,研究了不同因素对产品收率的影响。在n（乙二醇）∶n（环己酮）=1.4∶1,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1.5%,反应时间75 min的条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率为87.5%.     

顺磁绝缘/铁磁金属相复合材料La1.4Sr1.6Mn2O7/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3的磁特性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法一次性制备了顺磁绝缘／铁磁金属相复合材料La1.1Srt.6Mn2O7/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3系列样品.用X射线衍射仪分析了样品的晶体结构,通过多功能物理测试系统测量了样品的磁特性.研究发现,复合样品从高温到低温明显经历了2次磁相变过程,在Tc1与Tc3D之间磁化强度的数值随温度基本保持不变,...     

La0.55Eu0.1Sr0.15Na0.2MnO3的制备及其磁性

采用溶胶\|凝胶方法制备钙钛矿型稀土锰氧化物La_0.55Eu_0.1Sr_0.15Na_0.2MnO₃, 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 振动样品磁强计(VSM)和磁性测量系统(MPMS)对样品的结构、 居里温度、 磁卡效应和磁电阻效应进行研究. 结果表明, 样品具有单相六角钙钛矿结构, 居里温度为310 K, 磁电阻变化率为11.18％, 最大磁熵变为1.45 J/(kg·K).      

层状化合物K0.81Li0.27Ti1.73O4的合成

研究以K₂CO₃,Li₂CO₃和TiO₂为反应原料合成层状钛酸盐K_0.81Li_0.27Ti_1.73O₄过程中合成条件对产物的影响. 结果表明: 反应温度在
1 000~1 200 ℃, 反应原料配比为n(K₂CO₃) ∶n(Li₂CO₃) ∶n(TiO₂)=(0.405~0.42) ∶(0.135~0.165) ∶1.73时, 均可以得到产物K_0.81Li_0.27Ti_1.73O₄, 延长反应时间及升高反应温度均有利于产物的生成; 在1 200 ℃高温条件下, 使用刚玉坩埚为反应容
器时, 最佳的反应条件是： 反应温度为1 100 ℃, 反应原料配比为n(K₂CO₃) ∶n(Li₂CO₃) ∶n(TiO₂)=0.405 ∶0.135 ∶1.73, 反应24 h.     

纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

Bi_(1.6)La_(0.4)Ti_2O_7薄膜的制备及性能研究

采用化学溶液沉积法在ITO基片上制备不同退火温度的掺镧钛酸铋Bi1.6La0.4Ti2O7(BLT)薄膜。研究了其结构、介电性能、漏电流密度与外加电压I-V关系曲线和光学带隙。XRD射线衍射测试结果表明,经500、550、600℃1 h退火后的薄膜的主晶相为烧绿石结构,无杂相生成,600℃时BLT薄膜衍射峰比其他两种温度的强。在1 kHz频率下测得的介电常数、损耗因子分别为114,3%;129,3%;194,6%。BLT薄膜的漏电流密度与外加电压关系曲线表明,BLT薄膜600℃的漏电流比550和500℃稍微减小。通过透射谱分析得到BLT薄膜的光学带隙几乎不受温度影响,均为3.7 eV。这些结果表明制备BLT固溶体薄膜较佳为退火温度600℃,具有较好的性能,在光电器件有良好的应用前景。     

La2O3—Ni／MgAl2O4催化剂的抗积炭性能研究

采用脉冲反应和程序升温氧化反应考察了Ni/MgAl2O4和La2O3-Ni/MgAl2O4催化剂上CO歧化和甲烷催化分解的程度。结果表明,在相同处理条件下,Ni/MgAl2O4催化上CO的歧化程度远高于La2O3-Ni/MgAl2O4催化剂,Ni/MgAl2O4催化剂上甲烷分解产生的积炭量是La2O3-Ni/MgAl2O4催化剂上的4．28倍。利用甲烷处理La2O3-Ni/MgAl2O4催化上,其X光电子能谱（XPS）的C1s谱中的NixC的结合能比Ni/MgAl2O4催化剂高。这证实了催化上中较高正价态镧的存在,使得还原态催化剂的金属镍表面电子向镧上迁移;还原态金属粒子电子浓度降低,使得催化剂上CO歧化和甲烷分解反应的速率降低,从而使催化剂表现出较强的抗积炭能力。     

H3 PW12 O40/ZrO2-WO3催化合成己酸正丁酯

采用浸渍法制备了H3 PW12 O40/ZrO2-WO3催化剂,并通过FT-IR、XRD对其进行了表征.探讨了该催化剂对合成己酸正丁酯的催化活性,研究了不同因素对产品收率的影响.在n(正丁醇)∶n(己酸)=1.5∶1,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1.0%,带水剂环己烷4mL,反应时间75min的条件下,己酸正丁酯的收率为84.1%.     

致密油藏自发静态渗吸实验及影响因素

自发渗吸对致密砂岩油藏的注水开发有着重要意义,理想情况下自发渗吸驱油效率可以达到50%以上,目前国内外学者对致密储层自发静态渗吸研究不够系统和深入,实验模型不能真实和全面地反映储层物性及流体对自发渗吸的影响规律。针对以上问题,设计制作了典型区块致密储层天然岩芯和人造岩芯,开展了致密储层多因素自发静态渗吸实验,系统研究了渗吸时间、岩芯长度、岩芯孔隙度、地层水矿化度、岩芯渗透率、初始含水饱和度、界面张力及润湿性对致密储层渗吸驱油效率和渗吸速度的影响程度,定量评价了不同因素下渗吸驱油效果的变化规律。结果表明,影响渗吸驱油的主要因素为润湿性、孔隙度、渗透率、界面张力,初始含水饱和度次之,岩芯长度及地层水矿化度对渗吸驱油效率的影响最弱,作用强度最小,研究结果对致密储层有效注水开发提供了实验和理论依据。     

The concentration quenching characteristics of 5D3-7FJ and 5D4-7FJ (J=0―6) transitions of Tb3+ in YBO3:Tb3+ phosphor

The photoluminescence quenching behaviors of ^5D3-^7Fj and ^5D4-^7Fj （J = 0—6） transitions of Tb^3＋ in YBO3：Tb under 130—290 nm excitation were systematically investigated. The results revealed that the quenching concentrations of both ^5D3-^7Fj and ^5D4-^7Fj transitions of Tb^3＋ in YBO3：Tb were mainly dependent on excitation wavelength. Particularly, the quenching concentrations of ^5D4-^7Fj transitions of Tb^3＋ under 130—290 nm excitation were correlated with excitation bands of YBO3：Tb. The quenching concentrations of ^5D3-^7Fj transitions remained at low concentration （2%） under 186—290 nm excitation and then increased gradually with energy of incoming excitation photon when excited at 130—186 nm. This dependence should be involved in their excitation mechanisms and quenching pathway in particular excitation region.[第一段]