微分方程式边值问题的放松边界条件解法推广

本文先述Point-Matching法解微分方程边值问题时,如何以边界上少量配点而求出较高精度的解。次述平面弹性问题用复变函数太勒级数、罗兰级数作为微分方程式的试解,由边界配点法定级数的未定系数,将是卓有成效的办法。复杂的平面域,可以分片设定不同级数,由边界条件并分片线上的平衡、连续条件,用配点法定级数的系数,结合共形写扬法、已知解析解的利用等措施,上述方法对处理应力集中、奇异性、边界集中荷载等问题,都很方便。文中指出结合其他放松边界条件法与Point-Matching法,在解实际问题时,能减少计算工作量。最后,提出一个各向异性带条孔口应力集中系数的解法。     

尾矿坝渗流场模型简化与浸润线计算

针对尾矿坝安全状况评估中的渗流场计算和求解渗流微分方程的浸润线等问题,将尾矿坝渗流计算区域简化为渗透系数为常数的矩形模型,建立矩形模型区域中工程实际边界条件方程,通过傅里叶级数法得到收敛的无穷级数解.利用Matlab对公式进行仿真,得出工程中所需的各种形式的浸润线,确定一种简化处理渗流场解析解与工程实际浸润线的计算方法.     

电动汽车永磁轮毂电机磁场非线性解析计算方法

针对传统解析法通常假设铁磁材料磁导率为无穷大、忽略了磁饱和效应的问题,提出一种考虑铁磁材料磁导率非线性影响的磁场解析建模方法。利用复数形式的傅里叶级数和柯西乘积将材料磁导率嵌入到静磁场求解中,将永磁轮毂电机分为定子齿槽、气隙和永磁体3个求解域,以矢量磁位为求解变量,根据激励源的不同在各求解域建立拉普拉斯方程或泊松方程,联立边界条件求得各域矢量磁位。根据材料非线性B-H曲线,利用迭代算法得到了各工况下定子齿上的相对磁导率分布,计算了空载、电枢、负载磁场分布及输出转矩,并通过有限元法验证了该非线性解析法较传统解析法更准确。     

二维圆域中Poisson方程反源问题的数值方法

讨论二维圆域中Poisson方程的反源问题.根据边值问题解的复函数表示形式及Cauchy积分公式,导出了点源参数与边界条件的代数关系,从而构造了一种代数方法重构单极子源或偶极子源.该方法不需要求解正问题或进行任何迭代,因此更直接、计算量更小.数值结果表明,所给算法是有效的.     

基于SPH-FDM耦合算法的非饱和岩土介质中瞬态导热问题数值模拟

光滑粒子法是近些年来发展起来的一种新的数值计算方法,已经成功应用到多种工程和物理问题的求解中.为修正光滑粒子法计算域边界附近粒子近似缺陷及弥补边界条件处理方法的不足,将有限差分法耦合到光滑粒子法中,使所求解问题在整个计算域上的函数近似精度达到二阶,从而提高计算的求解精度;然后基于有限差分算法处理边界条件的思想来处理定解问题中的第二、第三类边界条件,使复杂边值问题的计算可以归于第一类边值问题的框架下求解.采用光滑粒子-有限差分耦合算法计算了各类不同边界条件下的导热问题,通过和解析解的对比表明,相比传统光滑粒子法,耦合算法能够直接施加各类边界条件,计算结果精度高,求解过程可靠有效.最后模拟了非饱和岩土介质内的热能传输问题,得到了岩土介质中随时间变化的温度演化特点,并分析了隔热层对导热过程的影响以及隔热层导热性质不同情况下的温度分布特征.     

考虑粘压效应的两圆柱弹性流体动力润滑问题的非线性解

本文应用有限元法,通过简单迭代和牛顿迭代,成功地求解了计入弹性变形和粘压效应在内的非线性代数方程组.在未作任何压力分布假设的情况下,得到了协调解,包括油膜形状,并具有第二次压力尖锋的压力分布解.文中叙述了边界条件的处理和迭代方法的使用.为这类问题的求解,提供了一种收敛精度高、适用范围宽的计算技巧.     

一类弹性力学平面矩形域问题的分离变量法

与传统的半逆解法不一样,采用弹性力学的Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ理论和分离变量法,推导和求解了侧边为齐次边界条件的平面矩形域问题的解法,并进而把求解思想推广到非齐次边界条件情况,没有采用边界条件齐次化方法,而成功地求出了不矩形域非齐次边界条件的解,从而扩展了分离变量法和弹性力学求解方法。     

矩形薄板动力响应的DQ半解析法研究

针对矩形薄板的动力响应问题,提出了一种有效的方法:DQ半解析法,本方法针对矩形薄板的振动控制微分方程,在空间域采用DQ法,即微分求积法(differential quadrature method),在时间域取级数,采用时域配点的方法,得到求解以板各节点动力响应位移场为全部待定参数的线性方程组,只需一次求解该方程组即得到全部待定参数,进而得到各节点的动力响应位移场,再由高阶Lagrange插值得到全域内的动力响应位移场.算例结果表明,本方法具有很高的精度和极佳的计算效率,且不受边界条件约束.     

基于区域嵌套与分解的城市风环境模拟方法

提出了适合城市风环境数值模拟的一个新的计算方法——嵌套计算方法。该方法首先对目标建筑群及其更大的周边环境建立大计算域并以较粗的网格进行计算,然后建立包含目标建筑群的子计算域并以精细的网格划分,以大计算域计算出的解作为子计算域的边界条件以实现区域嵌套求解。通过对两种建筑群布局的模拟计算,将该方法与传统方法计算的高精度解和中精度解进行对比。结果表明,可以降低单次计算的网格数量,并且计算结果具有较高的精确度。     

反平面弹性圆形域边缘裂纹奇异积分方程方法

在反平面弹性情况下,采用在裂纹位置处放置分布住错的方法模拟裂纹,导出了求解圆域或含圆孔无限大域中多边缘裂纹问题的奇异积分方程．首先给出反平面弹性情况下。无限大域中多裂纹问题的复势函数．通过引入补充项,消除无限大域中多裂纹问题的解在圆域边界或圆孔周界上的作用,得到了圆域边界或圆孔周界自由的多边缘裂纹问题的基本解．再由裂纹边界条件建立以分布位错密度为未知函数的Cauchy型奇异积分方程．数值计算时,利用半开型积分法则求解奇异积分方程,得出位错密度函数的离散值,进而计算裂纹尖端处的应力强度因子．最后给出了两个算例,其结果表明所采用方法是可行和正确的,所得结果可以应用于工程实际．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.