铈对铜基锆交联粘土催化剂性能的影响

采用聚合羟基复合阳离子合成交联粘土Zr-RE-PILC(RE=Ce、La、Y),经SO42-改性后,以浸渍法制备了用于C3H6选择性还原NO的铜基交联粘土催化剂Cu(3%,质量分数)/Zr-RE-PILC,在微型反应器上考察了稀土元素La、Ce、Y的引入对催化性能的影响,并采用XRD技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,引入Ce可以显著提高催化剂的高温活性和载体的热稳定性.当Zr/Ce摩尔比为5、老化温度为65℃、焙烧温度为500℃时,可以合成热稳定性良好的Zr-Ce-PILC复合交联粘土载体.采用Cu/Zr-Ce-PILC催化剂,在反应温度为300℃、反应气组成为0.22%NO-0.15?H6-2%O2-97.63%He、空速为50 000mL/(h.g)的条件下,NO的转化率可达65%;反应温度为500℃时NO的转化率仍达22.5%.     

稀土改性氧化铝为载体的催化剂研究

以稀土铈改性氧化铝为载体制备Pt/K/Ce-Al-O催化剂,考察了铈的掺杂量、焙烧温度对载体性能的影响,以及活性组分钾含量及催化剂的焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响.实验研究发现,载体氧化铝的制备条件及活性组分钾的掺杂对催化性能有较大的影响,采用铈的掺杂量为9%,钾的负载量为9%,焙烧温度为700℃时,催化剂的活性较好.     

铜基铈铁钇复合氧化物的制备及催化性能研究

采用反向滴定共沉淀法制备铈铁钇复合氧化物(Ce1-xFexYzO2-λ)载体,然后用等体积浸渍法负载活性组分Cu,研制铜基铈铁钇复合氧化物(Cuy/Ce1-xFexYzO2-λ)催化剂.实验结果表明:Ce:Fe:Y摩尔比为0.9:0.1:0.05、Cu负载量为3%时,制得的Cu3%/Ce0.9Fe0.1Y0.05O2-λ催化剂对CO、NO和C3H6的转化反应具有良好的催化活性,在该催化剂上CO、NO和C3H6的起燃温度(T50)分别为100℃、234℃和258℃,完全转化温度(T90)分别为183℃、318℃和350℃;由于Fe和Y能与Ce氧化物形成稳定的立方晶固溶体,载体表面不出现Fe、Y或Cu物种晶相聚集的现象,Ce与Fe和Y之间的良好协同效应有利于提高催化活性和热稳定性,因此Cu3%/Ce0.9Fe0.1Y0.05O2-λ催化剂性能良好.     

柴油车排气颗粒物净化催化剂热稳定性的研究

在γ-Al2O3上负载铈锆涂层,用分步浸渍法负载Cu、K、V等活性组分制备催化剂,研究了铈锆比、铈锆掺杂量和铈锆涂层的焙烧温度及老化温度等条件对催化剂性能的影响.研究发现,载体的改性对催化剂整体的催化性能有较大影响,催化剂的热稳定性得到了较大的提高.当铈锆比为1∶1,负载量为20%,焙烧温度为800℃时,催化剂不仅有较好的催化燃烧活性,而且表现出良好的热稳定性.     

铜铈钛复合氧化物的制备及其催化一氧化碳氧化反应的性能

采用共沉淀法制备了不同钛含量的铜铈钦复合氧化物催化剂（Cu0.1 Ce0.9-xTixO2,X =0～0.3 (采用微反-色谱评价装置考察了 Cu0.1 Ce0.9-xTixO2催化CO氧化反应的活性,并采用氮吸附/脱附,X-射线衍射以及程序升温还原等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,适量Ti(x≤0.15)的加入,提高了 Cu0.1 Ce0.9-XTiXO2催化剂中CuO的分散度,从而提高了其催化活性。而当Ti含量过高（x=0.3 )时,Cu0.1 Ce0.9-XTixO2催化剂中CuO的分散度反而降低,从而导致其催化活性显著降低。     

Cu_(5%)/Ce_(0.6)Mn_(0.4)Ca_(0.08)O_(2-λ)催化剂的制备及催化性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备CexMn1-xCazO2-λ载体,然后用等体积浸渍法负载活性组分Cu,制得Cuy/CexMn1-xCazO2-λ催化剂.实验结果表明:Ce:Mn:Ca摩尔比为0.6:0.4:0.08,Cu负载量为5%时,制得的Cu5%/Ce0.6Mn0.4Ca0.08O2-λ催化剂对CO、C3H6和NO的转化反应具有良好的催化活性,能使CO、C3H6和NO的起燃温度T50分别为107℃、218℃和212℃,完全转化温度T90分别为144℃、323℃和298℃;由于Mn和Ca能与Ce氧化物形成稳定的立方晶固溶体,不出现Mn2O3或CuO晶相在载体表面富集的现象,Mn和Ca与Ce的良好协同作用有效提高催化活性,所以Cu5%/Ce0.6Mn0.4Ca0.08O2-λ催化性能良好.     

MCM-41分子筛负载Pd/La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)MnO_3低温催化燃烧甲苯实验研究

以贵金属改性的钙钛矿为活性组分,采用等体积浸渍法制备Pd/La0.8Ce0.2MnO3/MCM-41催化剂,以甲苯为模型污染物进行催化燃烧实验,考察焙烧温度、负载量对催化反应的影响,并通过XRD、BET、SEM等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明:Pd/La0.8Ce0.2MnO3/MCM-41催化剂具有完整的钙钛矿型结构,Pd在钙钛矿型氧化物上得到高度的分散,同时MCM-41也发挥了很好的载体效应,有利于催化剂活性的发挥;La0.8Ce0.2MnO3负载量为20%、焙烧温度在750℃,起燃温度和完全转化温度分别为203和283℃;在加入0.05%Pd后,La0.8Ce0.2MnO3/MCM-41催化活性显著增强,甲苯完全转化温度仅为235℃;催化剂表面活性组分具有高分散性,活性组分颗粒粒径均一,分散均匀。     

SnOx-CeOx/沥青基球形活性炭催化剂选择性催化还原NO的脱硝性能

以高软化点石油沥青原料制备的沥青基球形活性炭(PSAC)为载体，采用浸渍法负载锡、铈氧化物制备SnO_x-CeO_x/PSAC系列催化剂，考察催化剂在低温下的脱硝性能，并采用N₂吸附/脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对催化剂进行表征。结果表明，在CeO_x/PSAC催化剂中添加SnO_x后催化剂的脱硝活性显著增加，但随着金属担载量(质量分数)增加，脱硝活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势，Sn、Ce担载量分别为5%和13%的SnO_x-CeO_x/PSAC(以Sn(5%)Ce(13%)/PSAC表示)催化剂具有最高的脱硝活性，在该催化剂条件下，100～300℃时可得到最高的NO转化率(98%)。添加SnO_x后，CeO₂在载体表面的分散性得到提高，由于Sn⁴⁺替代Ce⁴⁺掺杂于立方相CeO₂晶格中形成固溶体，因而催化剂的脱...     

Cu_(5%)/Ce_(0.5+x)Zr_(0.5-x)Bi_yO_(2+λ)催化剂的制备及其性能研究

以Ce-Zr-Bi-O复合氧化物作为载体,研制Cu5%/Ce0.5+xZr0.5-xBiyO2+λ催化剂,考察铈、锆和铋含量及载体制备方法对催化剂性能的影响.实验结果表明,当载体采用共沉淀法制备,Ce、Zr和Bi的摩尔比为0.65︰0.35︰0.06,Cu负载量为5%时,所制得的Cu5%/Ce0.65Zr0.35Bi0.06O2+λ具有更好的催化活性,能使CO在200℃时达到完全转化,NO在350℃时达到完全转化.XRD和SEM的测试结果表明:Bi的加入能够形成稳定的立方相Ce-Zr-Bi固溶体,晶粒达到纳米级,同时不出现CuO在催化剂表面聚集的现象,因此Cu5%/Ce0.65Zr0.35Bi0.06O2+λ催化活性更高.     

类水滑石负载铜基催化剂的CO还原NO催化性能的研究

采用共沉淀法制备Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O-HT型类水滑石,再负载不同比例的Cu O,得到一系列Cu O/Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O-HT催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱分析(LRS)、N2吸附脱附分析(BET)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、原位红外漫反射(in situ DRIFTS)对样品表征,并且通过CO还原NO研究不同Cu O负载量的催化剂的催化性能。结果表明:8%Cu O/Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O-HT中的活性组分Cu O有较好的分散性,催化剂的还原能力最强,催化活性最好。NO转化率在200℃下就能达到100%,同时也具有较高的选择性,230℃下N2选择性达到100%。当负载量为5%时,负载的Cu O占据了载体表面一些活性位点,使得催化活性和选择性均比未负载的效果更差。当负载量8%的时候,随着负载的Cu O量的增加,Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O的前驱体表面的活性位点被Cu O慢慢地覆盖,比表面积减小,使得催化活性下降,还原能力降低,最终达到负载阀值时,尽管Cu O的负载量仍然在增加,但是催化剂的活性和选择性均保持不变。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.