保存液及保存条件对中华绒螯蟹精子存活率的影响

以精子存活率和精子密度作为判据，研究了低温（4 ℃）条件下6种保存液体外保存中华绒螯蟹精子的效果.精子存活率采用伊红染色法检测，六种保存液分别为无钙离子人工海水I、无钙离子人工海水II、海水等渗NaCl溶液、无菌中华绒螯蟹生理盐水、海水等渗KCl溶液和海水等渗葡萄糖溶液.结果显示，六种保存液中海水等渗KCl溶液和海水等渗葡萄糖溶液的保存效果最差，保存2 d后精子即全部死亡，而两种无钙离子人工海水的保存效果较好，其中以无钙离子人工海水II的效果尤佳，其保存6 d后的精子存活率达92.19%，精子密度亦保持较高水平；故无钙离子人工海水II是中华绒螯蟹精子短期体外保存的理想保存液.在此基础上以无钙离子人工海水II作保存液，研究了精子密度、保存液pH值和渗透压对保存效果的影响.结果显示，不同精子密度的保存效果差异显著，其中以106～107个/mL的保存密度效果最好，在保存2 d后精子存活率仍保持在95 ％以上；在7~10的范围内保存效果较好，保存15 d后精子存活率均在90%以上；在以NaCl配制的渗透压范围为500～1 000 mOsmol/kg H2O的10个梯度保存液中，渗透压在750～850 mOsmol/kg H2O的范围内保存效果最好，该条件下保存15 d后精子存活率仍在75 ％以上.以上结果证实，中华绒螯蟹精子适宜的保存条件为：精子密度为106～107个/mL，渗透压范围为750～850 mOsmol/kg H2O，pH值为pH 7~10.     

中华绒螯蟹基因组研究概述

概述了近年来中华绒螯蟹基因组研究的进展情况，现已对13种基因的核苷酸序列进行了分析，并通过概念性翻译获得了8种蛋白质(或其亚基)的氨基酸序列，还对中华绒螯蟹的微卫星序列和序列表达标签开展了初步研究，总体上，中华绒螯蟹基因组研究较薄弱，处于起步阶段．今后应加强中华绒螯蟹基因组的广泛深入研究，重点突破一些重要功能基因的结构与功能的分析，为中华绒螯蟹的遗传改良提供理论基础。     

花生凝集素受体在中华绒螯蟹生精细胞的分布

以中华绒螯蟹为材料,应用凝集素印迹法检测中华绒螯蟹生精细胞中的花生凝集素受体.以凝集素组织化学技术为手段,采用生物素标记的花生凝集素对中华绒螯蟹精子发生过程中花生凝集素受体进行了标记,研究精子发生过程中花生凝集素受体的分布特征.结果表明,中华绒螯蟹生精细胞中的花生凝集素受体的分子质量为72 ku;精子发生过程中,不同的生精细胞膜有不同程度的阳性标记.精原细胞质膜上有较强的阳性标记,呈深棕色;精母细胞的质膜阳性标记减少;精细胞与精母细胞染色程度相似.PNA受体在生精细胞中分布,可能与生殖细胞发育以及生殖细胞之间或者生殖细胞与体细胞之间的信息传递有关.精子质膜、顶体区域也有阳性标记,这可能与精卵识别及结合等受精过程息息相关.     

中华绒螯蟹Eriocheir sinensis两个地理种群的微卫星DNA多态性分析

为了获取中华绒螯蟹群体遗传多态性的基本数据，寻找合适的遗传标记区分不同种类及不同水系的河蟹种群，采用微卫星DNA分型技术，对江苏地区两个地理种群（本地种与荷兰种）的中华绒螯蟹共计140个样本，通过DNA提取、PCR扩增、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、银染检测的方法，进行了两个微卫星基因座（Esin 67和Esin 87）的遗传多态性分析．结果表明：中华绒螯蟹本地种与荷兰种的两个微卫星基因座均有较好的多态性；在Esin 67基因座中，本地种和荷兰种绒螯蟹均有8个等位基因，两组的最高频率等位基因均为8重复序列；在Esin 87基因座中，本地种绒螯蟹有9个等位基因，荷兰种有7个等位基因，两组的最高频率等位基因均为9重复序列．同时中华绒螯蟹荷兰种这两个基因座的杂合度和多态性信息含量均高于本地种．这些结果提示了江苏本地的绒螯蟹可能受到其它地区河蟹的种质污染，基因多态性下降，因此需要加强对种质资源遗传变异的深入研究，以便采取措施对河蟹资源进行合理的管理、保护和开发利用．     

中华绒螯蟹与日本绒螯蟹线粒体COI基因片段的序列比较研究

以相应引物PCR扩增了黄河口中华绒螯蟹线粒体细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ亚基基因（COI）片段,PCR产物经T载体连接之后进行了克隆、测序,得到709bp的碱基序列,其A,T,G,C含量分别为34．41％,27．93％,20．03％和17．63％。并比较它与珠江流域中华绒螯蟹COI序列和日本绒螯蟹COI序列的差异,发现黄河口中华绒螯蟹与珠江 流域中华绒螯蟹COI序列完全相同,而与日本绒螯蟹差异非常明显,709或658（不计引物）位点中核苷酸差异数为32,核苷酸差异率为4．51％或4．86％（不计引物）,其中25个位点为转换,7个位点为颠换。作者倾向于支持存在中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹,或它们为同一种的两个地理亚种的观点。     

东北草型平原水库中华绒螯蟹放流增殖初步研究

在通辽地区的三个水库（莫力庙水库主库、莫力庙水库预备库、孟家段水库）进行了中华绒螯蟹的放流增殖试验,对三个放流点中华绒螯蟹的生长以及影响放流效果的因素进行了分析,结果表明,在中华绒螯蟹放 流增殖中,水体中水草量、饵料种类、水位持续下降对中华绒螯蟹的生长、成活、蜕壳均有一定影响,放流增殖过程中逃逸量不大,在适宜的水体,中华绒螯蟹放流增殖是可行的。     

透视螃蟹经经济——科技进步：河蟹养殖业健康发展的支撑

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir Sinensis H.Milne Edwards)又名河蟹、螃蟹、毛蟹、大闸蟹。分类学上隶属于节肢动物门、甲壳纲、十足目、方蟹科、绒螯蟹属，该属中最为常见的有4种，分别为中华绒螯蟹、日本绒螯蟹、直额绒螯蟹和狭额绒螯蟹。其中以中华绒螯蟹的个体最大，经济价值最高。我国的河蟹按不同的水系可分为长江、辽河、瓯江、闽江、珠江和黄河等种群，其中以江苏的阳     

莠去津对中华绒螯蟹精子LDH、ACP活性的影响

为了评估莠去津对雄性中华绒螯蟹的生殖毒性,以成熟雄性中华绒螯蟹为材料,采用莠去津梯度(0.001、0.01、0.1、1 mg/L)暴露方式进行体内染毒2周,通过分光光度法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳酶谱法,分析中华绒螯蟹精子中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活性,比较其催化能力的变化.结果显示,0.1 mg/L莠去津处理组精子的LDH、ACP比活力是所有组别中最高的,且显著高于对照组(P<0.05);1 mg/L的次之,但同2个低质量浓度组(0.001、0.01 mg/L)的一样,均较对照组差异不显著(P>0.05).凝胶电泳后活性染色分析结果显示2种酶的催化能力的变化与分光光度法结果一致.实验结果表明,一定质量浓度的莠去津对雄性中华绒螯蟹具生殖毒性,可为莠去津对人类生殖健康的影响提供参考数据.     

中华绒螯蟹Na+-K+-Cl-协同转运蛋白基因的克隆和功能分析

为研究Na~+-K~+-Cl~-协同转运蛋白(NKCC)基因在中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)应对高盐胁迫过程中的作用,采用RACE技术首次克隆到中华绒螯蟹NKCC基因全长序列,运用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)对中华绒螯蟹NKCC基因进行组织定量,并进行生物学信息分析.结果表明:该基因的cDNA全长为4 127bp,其中5非编码区(UTR)长度为18bp,3非编码区(UTR)长度为944bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长度为3 165bp,编码1 054个氨基酸.理化分析预测其分子量为51.066kDa,理论等电点为4.65.预测中华绒螯蟹NKCC二级结构由12个跨膜结构域组成.同源对比结果显示:中华绒螯蟹NKCC的氨基酸序列与拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)NKCC相似度最高,为86.17%.系统进化分析表明中华绒螯蟹NKCC与拟穴青蟹、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、可口美青蟹(Callinectes sapidus)、蓝蟹(Callinectes sapidus)聚为一支.不同组织的荧光定量结果显示:NKCC基因在中华绒螯蟹的肠、脑神经节、胸神经节、鳃、胃、肝胰腺、肌肉、眼、心脏和血清中均有表达且在中华绒螯蟹肠的表达量最高.在盐度为25‰的急性胁迫下,NKCC基因在中华绒螯蟹肠中的表达量随着胁迫时间延长变化显著(P0.05),并在胁迫72h后恢复稳定.以上结果显示,NKCC基因参与了中华绒螯蟹渗透压调节,并在其渗透压平衡中发挥重要作用.     

莠去津对中华绒螯蟹蜕皮激素分泌的影响

为了研究除草剂莠去津对中华绒螯蟹蜕皮激素分泌的影响,利用不同质量浓度(0.001,0.01,0.1,1mg/L)的莠去津对中华绒螯蟹进行染毒处理,采用酶联免疫吸附技术(ELISA)分析其对中华绒螯蟹血清蜕皮激素含量的影响.结果表明:低质量浓度(0.001,0.01mg/L)以及高质量浓度(1mg/L)莠去津暴露后,中华绒螯蟹血清中蜕皮激素含量相较对照组无显著变化,而中间质量浓度0.1mg/L的蜕皮激素含量则显著低于对照组,该质量浓度下中华绒螯蟹的蜕皮会受到一定的影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to