高压除鳞喷嘴内部流场数值模拟与仿真分析

针对目前工厂广泛使用的高压除鳞喷嘴,应用前处理软件Gambit建立其内部流畅的三维模型,采用Fluent软件提供的Laminar层流模型对不同结构参数的喷嘴内部不可压缩、稳态、层流流场进行了数值模拟,并分析了各参数对其流场速度分布、压力分布和出口轴心速度的影响.仿真值与理论计算值十分接近,数值模拟结果表明,喷嘴收缩角和直径对其内部流场影响较大,而扩张角对其内部流场影响相对较小,但各参数都存在最优值,且各参数之间也存在着最优搭配使射流打击效果最好.     

前混合磨料水射流除鳞喷嘴混合腔内部流场

基于计算流体动力学多相流混合物模型,应用FLUENT软件对前混合磨料水射流除鳞喷嘴高压水与磨料混合腔内部流场进行数值模拟.比较了不同进料方式对流场均匀性的影响.分析了两侧为高压水入口条件下,磨料入口直径、高压水入口直径、高压水入口位置和角度以及收缩段锥角对流场混合均匀性的影响,得到了影响混合腔内部流场混合均匀性的合理结构参数.数值计算结果表明:入口速度一定的条件下,磨料中进式喷嘴混合腔的混合均匀性优于磨料侧进式喷嘴混合腔.随磨料入口和高压水入口直径增加,混合腔出口的射流速度均增加,但随高压水入口直径增加导致出口磨料浓度呈先增后减的趋势,磨料入口与高压水入口合理的质量流量比值约为3∶4,两侧高压水入口位置对流场混合均匀性影响较小,高压水入口角度和收缩段锥角均为30°时流场性能更佳.     

空化喷嘴内部流场的数值模拟

根据喷嘴的结构特点,建立了角形空化喷嘴和风琴管形空化喷嘴的三维结构模型和数值模型,选用RNGk-ε湍流模型,采用SIMPEC算法进行数值计算。结果表明,在空化喷嘴的圆柱段存在速度最大值,射流进入圆柱段后产生明显的负压,与周围介质发生强烈的空化作用,有利于空化气泡的产生。在特定参数下(圆柱段直径d=1mm、圆柱段长度S=3mm、扩散段长度L=8mm、出口扩散角=30°),角形喷嘴的空化效果优于风琴管形喷嘴。     

前混合水射流喷丸喷嘴内流数值模拟

为研究弹丸在前混合水射流喷丸喷嘴内的运动特性,应用FLUENT软件对前混合水射流出口带圆柱段和扩散段的圆锥收敛形喷嘴内液固湍流进行了数值模拟。控制方程为连续相采用三维不可压缩稳态雷诺时均N-S方程,湍流模型采用k-ε模型,离散相采用拉格朗日模型。分析了喷嘴出口圆柱段长度、圆锥收敛角和出口扩散段对内流特性的影响。结果表明,出口圆柱段长度为30 mm、圆锥收敛角为13°时,连续相可以获得最大的轴向速度,且离散相的加速效果也最佳;出口带扩散段的喷嘴使得连续相和离散相的出口速度均会下降,但会增大喷丸的覆盖率,提高喷丸工作效率。     

基于CFD技术的喷气织机主喷嘴内部流场的分析

通过对喷气织机主喷嘴现状的分析提出了应用CFD的思路.应用NUMECA软件进行主喷嘴内部流场数值模拟,揭示了导纱管内不同截面上气流速度的分布,并对主喷嘴内部气流的轴向动压和马赫数分布进行了分析.结果表明,利用数值模拟研究主喷嘴流场特性方便、快捷,且精度也较高.     

缩放型喷嘴产生的空化射流流场数值模拟

应用Standard k-ε,RNG k-ε和Standard k-ω湍流模型对缩放型喷嘴内部湍流流场进行数值模拟,结合理论及质量流量测试试验对数值模拟结果进行对比验证.结果表明:RNG k-ε湍流模型最适合用于数值模拟缩放型喷嘴内部的湍流流场;RNG k-ε湍流模型数值模拟结果显示缩放型喷嘴收缩角使喷嘴喉管部产生了低压场,压差的产生使水射流的空化效果得到了提高.     

基于Fluent角型喷嘴内部空化行为的数值模拟

利用Fluent流体计算软件对角型喷嘴内部的空化流场进行了数值模拟,得到了喷嘴内部的压力、气相生成速率和汽含率分布场,并对三种扩张角喷嘴内的流场进行了比较分析.结果表明:在角型喷嘴内部,空化汽泡主要在喷嘴圆柱段壁面起始点和扩张段壁面起始点两处产生;在扩张段壁面起始点处,由于回流和压力两种因素的共同作用导致扩张角对空化汽泡生成速率的影响存在最优值;随着扩张角的减小,角型喷嘴在扩张段壁面的空化区域不断扩大,其汽含率也不断攀升;扩张角的改变对角型喷嘴圆柱段区域的空化行为没有明显影响.     

淹没条件下长圆喷嘴流场数值模拟

为了提高径向水平井扩孔效率,将长圆喷嘴引入磨料射流扩孔技术,建立射流流场的流动控制方程,结合Realizable k-ε模型对方程组进行求解,并将结果与锥形喷嘴射流结果进行对比.结果表明:长圆喷嘴射流具有一定的扩散性,且短轴剖面上的扩散角比长轴剖面上大;喷嘴内射流速度及出口速度随长宽比增大而减小,随出口直径增加而增加;在喷嘴入口速度和出口直径相同的情况下,长圆喷嘴出口速度小于锥形喷嘴;无因次喷距大于11.3时,长圆喷嘴外射流轴线速度大于锥形喷嘴的;射流出口断面宽度随喷距增大而增大,在相同条件下长圆喷嘴扩孔宽度大于锥形喷嘴,且射流具有自模性;数值计算结果与磨料射流扩孔试验结果基本吻合.     

新型气溶性射流喷嘴设计与数值模拟

针对传统高压水射流清洗耗水量大,能耗和运营费用高、清洗后的废液需要处理才能达到环保要求的缺陷,提出了新型射流清洗方式—气溶性射流.对新型气溶性射流喷嘴进行了结构设计,得到了喷嘴混合室直径、喉部直径、出口直径、收缩段长度以及扩张段长度等关键参数,并对新型喷嘴内外气液二相流场进行了深入计算与分析.结果表明,气液二相流雾滴在喷嘴轴线上速率随气流入口压力增大而增大,在喷嘴喉部速率变化率最大,在喷嘴出口处速率达到最大;当扩散角为10°时,射流扩散较慢,内部扰动和摩擦损失较小;当收缩角为30°时,气液二相流流动性较好,能量损失较小;粒径较小雾滴沿轴线方向速率变化较大,当喷射距离为35mm时,气液二相流雾滴速率达到最大值.     

新型后混合磨料水射流喷嘴流场均匀性分析

针对目前后混合磨料喷嘴流场不均匀性问题，利用FLUENT仿真软件，对一种新型后混合磨料水射流喷嘴内部流场进行三维数值模拟. 通过比较喷嘴内部有无圆锥挡板的内部流场，分析圆锥挡板对流场均匀性的影响. 分析不同参数圆锥挡板喷嘴的喷射效果，得出新型后混合磨料水射流喷嘴不同参数结构对内部流场均匀性的影响规律，来提高后混合磨料水射流喷嘴中水和磨料混合均匀性. 分析结果表明：在保证出口仍具有较高速度的情况下，增大缩口直径，可以降低混合腔空气压力，改善液体在腔内聚集现象. 在此基础上，向混合腔中加入二次B样条曲线形状的圆锥挡板，当磨料入口采用斜入式与喷嘴轴线成45°时，出口体积分数最接近15%，体积分数波动最小，磨料与水混合均匀性大大提高. 通过正交试验分析多参数对磨料均匀性的影响，得到最优的结构参数.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.