基于递推最小二乘法的变压器参数辨识

提出一种变压器漏电抗的识别方法.该方法无需改变变压器低压侧的电流互感器配置,无需测量绕组电流,直接利用低压侧线电流,在分相列写回路方程的基础上,消去低压侧绕组环流的影响,利用递推最小二乘法识别漏电抗,解决了Y/△接线方式下三相变压器的漏电抗计算问题.讨论T型等效电路模型中漏电抗参数的可辩识性和算法的误差,给出一种提高识别算法准确性的改进方案,并对方案进行了验证.EMTP仿真结果表明,该算法能够正确识别各相的漏电抗,具有良好的应用前景.     

基于递归定量特征的变压器励磁涌流识别

为避免励磁涌流对变压器差动保护的影响,进一步提高变压器差动保护动作的准确率,针对变压器励磁涌流和内部故障电流信号的非平稳特征,提出一种基于递归定量分析(RQA)的励磁涌流识别方法.首先,应用相空间重构理论,在高维相空间中研究励磁涌流和内部故障电流信号的内在规律;然后,采用RQA方法提取信号的非线性特征参数即递归率、确定率、分层度及熵.研究结果表明:励磁涌流的递归率、确定率和分层度均比内部故障电流的小,而熵比内部故障电流的大,说明励磁涌流比故障电流的规则性低,混沌性高;通过RQA的这4项特征量可以对变压器励磁涌流进行有效识别.     

变压器励磁涌流灰色识别研究

由于变压器励磁涌流的影响,使得变压器差动保护较难正确动作.为了保证差动保护能够正确动作,必须对变压器内部故障电流和励磁涌流进行正确识别.基于变压器励磁涌流所具有的特征,将灰色系统方法应用于励磁涌流的识别.首先将多个励磁涌流判据(指标)进行综合,通过分析构建各指标的白化权函数,然后应用灰色聚类方法得到识别结果.与实际测量结果的比较验证了该综合判据的正确性和灰色聚类方法的有效性.     

基于能耗的变压器励磁涌流与故障电流识别判据

变压器差动保护利用二次谐波制动原理或间断角制动原理来区分故障电流和励磁涌流,由于超高压系统故障电流中也含有较大的二次谐波,易导致变压器故障时保护动作延时,间断角制动原理则会因互感器饱和引起的涌流间断角消失而使保护误动.提出了一种基于能耗区别的方法识别励磁涌流和故障电流,克服了上述问题.同时采用高斯-牛顿最小二乘法拟合励磁涌流,克服了傅里叶算法受频率变化影响较大的缺陷.仿真结果验证了所提方法的可行性.     

35KV变电站主变差动保护误动原因分析

针对变压器投运时差动保护动作,根据变压器差动保护原理,现场电气设备、主回路测试,对变压器空投时励磁涌流产生误动,及高、低压侧电流互感器二次接线方式进行分析,找出故障原因。     

变压器励磁涌流对差动保护的影响及解决方法

当变压器空载投入或外部故障切除后,由于电压的恢复,出现很大的励磁电流,其值可达6-8倍的额定电流。这种暂态过程中出现的励磁电流称为励磁涌流。励磁涌流是另一种形式的暂态不平衡电流,它经变压器电源侧电流互感器传到二次侧,如流入差动回路,往往会导致差动保护误动作。这就需要分析励磁涌流产生的原因、励磁涌流对变压器差动保护的影响及解决方法进行探讨。     

小波分析在变压器励磁涌流识别中的研究

励磁涌流是影响变压器差动保护正确动作的重要因素,而如何区分励磁涌流和内部故障电流又是变压器保护存在的主要问题,为此,文中利用Coif5小波函数在奇异信号处理方面的优势,分别对励磁涌流和内部故障电流进行小波分析。仿真研究结果表明:经过小波变换后励磁涌流呈现周期性奇异点,而内部故障的波形无奇异点,coif5小波变换后的周期性奇异信号能够很好地识别励磁涌流和内部故障,且方法简单、可靠。     

判断差动保护电流回路正确接线的方法

差动保护是大型变压器的主保护,主要用来保护双绕组或三绕组变压器绕组内部及其引出线上发生的各种相间短路故障,同时也可以用来保护变压器单相匝间短路故障。在绕组变压器的两侧均装设电流互感器,继电器线圈中流过的电流是两侧电流互感器的二次电流之差。理论上讲,正常运行及外部故障时,差动回路电流为零。由于两侧电流互感器的特性不可能完全一致,互感器的二次接线正确与否将直接影响到设备的安全运行。差动保护电流回路接线是否正确,可通过相量分析法和带负荷检验法进行判断。本文将简要介绍这两种方法,并举出计算实例。     

变压器内部故障的仿真模型及特性分析

在分析单相双绕组变压器数学模型的基础上，建立一种以磁链作为状态变量的单相变压器内部故障仿真模型．基于所建模型，对双绕组变压器正常运行时典型励磁涌流和绕组匝地匝间短路故障时一次侧电流进行仿真计算及特性分析，仿真波形与理论分析相吻合，验证了所建模型的正确性和有效性。     

虚拟三次谐波比较的变压器差动保护涌流制动方案

提出了用虚拟三次谐波比较来识别故障电流和励磁涌流的一种实用方法 .原理是利用相关分析间接实现差动电流虚拟三次谐波比较 .模拟实验结果表明 :本方法可准确识别故障电流和励磁涌流 ;即使在空载合闸于内部短路故障时 ,保护继电器也能迅速可靠动作 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-