聚苯胺掺杂、除掺杂和再掺杂与结构性能的研究

掺杂、除掺杂和再掺杂都是获取导电高分子的基本方法。本文通过Ｘ射线光电子能谱、红外光谱、Ｘ射线衍射以及元素分析等手段，对掺杂、除掺杂和再掺杂聚苯胺的结构与性能进行了对比研究，发现和总结了掺杂聚苯胺与除掺杂聚苯胺在结构和性能方面的差异和规律。本研究的成果不但可以为导电聚苯胺的实用化提供一些理论指导，而且还可以进一步丰富导电高分子的掺杂机理和导电机理理论     

（NH4）2S2O8体系聚苯胺合成,结构与性能研究

本文利用不经提纯的工业品盐酸、苯胺以及过鎏酸铵为原料，直接合成导电聚苯胺。系统研究了影响苯胺聚合及产物性能的各种因素，找出了导电聚苯胺合成的最适宜条件。在此条件下制得了收率为８４％、电导率高达３４．４８Ｓ．ｃｍ＾－１的导电聚苯胺，从而为化学法工业性放大合成导电聚苯胺提供了理论依据。     

聚苯胺/氨纶复合导电纤维的制备工艺探讨

采用“现场”吸附聚合法制备聚苯胺／氨纶复合导电纤维。重点讨论聚合条件的改变，对纤维导电性能的影响，以获取制备聚苯胺／氨纶复合导电纤维的最佳工艺。研究结果表明：氧化剂的用量、掺杂剂浓度、苯胺单体浓度对纤维导电性能影响较显著；而反应时间、温度对纤维的导电性能影响不大。并对该导电纤维的力学性能进行了研究，结果表明，该纤维基本上保留了原有的力学性能，可进行下一步加工。     

提高聚苯胺导电织物导电性能的研究

分析了基布材料、织物结构、导电物质、制备工艺等对织物导电性能及聚苯胺沉积状态的影响;综述了提高聚苯胺导电织物导电性能的方法,如通过酸掺杂、加入金属离子等增加织物表面的导电因子,通过磁场、超声场等外场提高聚苯胺的分布均匀度,通过改变加工工艺、基体材料改性等提高聚苯胺在植物表面分布的均匀度和连续性;指出采用原位聚合法制备聚苯胺是最有希望实现导电织物市场化的方法,但仍然存在着亟需解决的问题,有待进一步研究.     

不同酸掺杂聚苯胺导电性能的简述

由于易于合成,导电率高和温度与环境稳定性等优点,聚苯胺作为导电高分子已成为研究热点。本文在介绍掺杂聚苯胺的导电机理后,重点分析比较了不同酸掺杂聚苯胺的导电性能。其中无机酸掺杂后的聚苯胺导电率提高显著,有机酸掺杂中常用来改善其溶解性。     

聚苯胺／丁腈橡胶复合材料的制备及性能

通过把化学法合成的具有高导电性的聚苯胺粉末与丁腈橡胶共混，制备了聚苯胺／丁腈橡胶复合材料。实验结果表明，在丁腈橡胶中加入聚苯胺可显著提高了腈橡胶的导电性能，复合材料具有良好的综合力学性能。聚苯胺在丁腈橡胶中只起导电填料的作用，两者之间不存在化学反应。聚苯胺在丁腈橡胶中具有良好的分散性，并对丁腈橡胶具有补强作用。聚苯胺的适宜用量是３０～４０份，其用量过大时，对丁腈橡胶的硫化反应具有较强的抑制作用，并直接损害复合材料的导电性能和综合力学性能。     

导电高分子材料聚苯胺的研究进展

结合导电高分子材料聚苯胺目前研究的现状，综述了聚苯胺的结构、特性，聚苯胺的电化学合成法及化学合成法的影响因素及最佳条件，聚苯胺的掺杂机制、无机酸掺杂和有机酸掺杂、二次掺杂，提高聚苯胺的溶解性和可加工性的方法以及聚苯胺的广泛用途。指出了聚苯胺的发展方向和发展前景。     

聚苯胺的化学合成、结构及导电性能

导电聚苯胺是结构和性能最稳定的导电高分子材料，有较广泛的应用前景。本实验用化学氧化合成方法，较系统地研究了氧化剂种类、用量、介质酸的浓度以及聚合反应温度等因素对苯胺聚合反应及产物性能的影响；找出了最适宜的合成反应条件和特殊的后处理工艺，并合成出了电导率高达３０．６５Ｓ／ｃｍ，收率达１２７．８％的高性能导电聚苯胺     

导电聚苯胺的研究现状评述

论述了导电高分子材料的研究现状; 介绍了导电聚苯胺的合成、掺杂方法、结构与性能的关系以及应用；对未来的研究发展趋势，即低能隙高分子导体的研究进行了讨论。     

木制品表面的金属化及其电镀铜的研究

讨论了聚苯胺在木制品表面形成的条件，研究以苯胺为有机单的木制品哺面氧化形成导电聚苯胺膜的电镀技术。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.