CH3OOH对大气OH自由基浓度水平的影响

甲基过氧化氢(CH₃OOH, MHP)是大气中各种碳氢化合物光化学反应过程生成的一种重要产物, 是大气中HO_x和RO_x等氧化性自由基的汇和储库分子. 为了研究MHP对大气OH自由基浓度水平的影响, 文中利用长光路Fourier变换红外光谱(LP-FTIR)技术, 在（293±2）K温度和1.01×10⁵Pa空气压力条件下, 采用光解O₃和水汽的方法产生OH自由基, 对MHP和OH自由基的气相反应进行了实验室模拟, 结合相对速率法测定了MHP和OH自由基反应的速率常数为k_MHP-OH = (3.99±0.15)×10^-12cm³·molecule^-1·s^-1, 估算出其大气寿命为3.6d; 同时研究了MHP的紫外光解反应, 对反应过程进行了详细的分析, 得到了OH自由基的产率为0.91±0.04. MHP的大气寿命和光解产生OH自由基的产率表明, MHP对于OH自由基在对流层大气中的再分配具有重要的作用.     

SiW11O39Fe(Ⅲ)(H2O)5-的电化学性质及电催化还原过氧化氢

 用循环伏安和交流阻抗等方法详细研究了SiW₁₁O₃₉Fe(Ⅲ)(H₂O)^5- (SiW₁₁Fe)的电化学性质和对H₂O₂ 还原的间接电催化作用,并与PW₁₁O₃₉Fe(Ⅲ)(H₂O)_4- (PW₁₁Fe)进行了比较,同时提出了电催化反应的机理。实验结果表明,与PW₁₁Fe 类似,SiW₁₁Fe在酸性水溶液中也有3对还原氧化伏安响应,分别归属于Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)电对和W-O骨架的还原氧化反应。但SiW₁₁Fe的3对还原氧化波的峰电位与PW₁₁Fe)相比明显负移,且均受溶液pH的影响。SiW₁₁Fe中Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)电对传递电子的可逆性比PW₁₁Fe的差,但同样对H₂O₂ 的还原具有明显的电催化作用,并受溶液pH的影响。随着溶液pH的增加,Fe波和W-O骨架波的还原氧化峰电位均负移,Fe波对H₂O₂ 还原的电催化活性降低甚至被完全抑制,相反,第一个W-O骨架波对H₂O₂ 的还原却有明显的电催化作用。     

Kinetic studies of the decomposition reaction of adducts of dinuclear Fe(Ⅱ)/O2

Kinetic studies of the decomposition reaction of dinuclear Fe(Ⅱ) adducts [Fe₂(N-Et-HPTB){O₂P(OPh)₂}](Cl- O₄)₂ (1) and [Fe₂(N-Et-HPTB) {O₂P(Ph)₂}] (ClO₄)₂ (2) with O₂ have been carried out at low temperature using UV-vis spectra. The decomposition reaction of Fe(Ⅱ)/O₂ adducts was first-order in the experimental conditions, and the activation parameters were obtained. ?H^¹ = 85.62 kJ·mol^-1, ?S¹ = 19.43 J·mol^-1·K^-1 for compound (1) and ?H^¹ = 97.97 kJ·mol^-1, ?S^¹ = 55.68 J·mol^-1·K^-1 for compound (2). These results are similar to those of dioxygen adducts of other metals complexes and natural enzymes such as methane mono- oxygenase (MMOH).     

亚铁联合不同氧化剂对石油烃污染场地热脱附废水的处理

采用亚铁（Fe²⁺）分别联合次氯酸钠（NaClO）、过硫酸钠（Na?S?O₈）和过氧化氢（H₂O₂） 3种氧化剂处理某原油浸染土壤的热脱附废水，考察了pH值、Fe²⁺投加量、氧化剂投加量和反应时间对处理效能的影响。Fe²⁺/H₂O₂和Fe²⁺/ Na?S?O₈均能有效去除热脱附废水中的典型污染物——石油烃物质，去除率分别达到100.0%和97.8%，但Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系对化学耗氧量（COD）的去除效果明显优于Fe²⁺/Na?S?O₈。Fe²⁺/H₂O₂可将有机物彻底氧化分解，而Fe²⁺/NaClO和Fe²⁺/Na?S?O₈仅是将有机物氧化分解为中间物质。多元变量分析结果表明，pH值和氧化剂投加量是影响去除效果的主要因素，Fe²⁺/H₂O₂处理热脱附废水的吨水处理成本较高，但是综合效果最好；Fe²⁺/Na?S?O₈处理成本次之，但无法彻底降解COD；Fe²⁺/NaClO成本最低，但对有机物去除效果最差。综合去除效果和经济因素考量， Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系更适用于处理热脱附废水。     

鹅毛玉凤花总多糖提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

本研究以药用植物鹅毛玉凤花(Habenaria dentata)的块茎为材料,在单因素试验的基础上,选取提取时间、料液比和提取温度进行响应面试验,优化鹅毛玉凤花总多糖的提取工艺,并通过测定总多糖的DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除率、羟基自由基(·OH)清除率、超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)清除率和总还原力,探究鹅毛玉凤花的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,鹅毛玉凤花总多糖的最佳提取条件为提取时间7 h,料液比1∶58.7 (g/mL),提取温度73.49℃,优化验证后的鹅毛玉凤花总多糖得率为9.59%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.13%。抗氧化试验结果表明,鹅毛玉凤花总多糖对DPPH·、·OH、O₂^-·的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)分别为1.385 mg/mL、0.006 mg/mL和0.020 mg/mL,其总还原力是L-抗坏血酸的2.24%,表明鹅毛玉凤花总多糖具有较好的抗氧化能力。     

BaCoO3基透氧材料的B位掺杂优化

采用传统的固相合成法制备BaCo_0.9-xFe_xNb_0.1O3-δ(BC0.9-xFxN0.1O, x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)和BaCo_1-yNb_yO_3-δ(BC_1-yN_yO,y=0.10,0.12,0.14,0.16)混合导体透氧膜材料,较系统地研究Fe和Nb掺杂量对BC_0.9-xF_xN_0.1O和BC_1-yN_yO的晶体结构、晶粒大小、结构稳定性以及透氧率的影响.结果表明：Fe和Nb掺杂有助于提高BaCoO₃基钙钛矿材料的结构稳定性,但会降低材料的透氧能力;与Fe相比,Nb掺杂能够更有效地提高材料的高温化学稳定性,并细化晶粒;厚度为1 mm的BaCo_0.88Nb_0.12O_3-δ膜片在850 ℃和Air/He（110 mL·min^-1/80 mL·min^-1）的吹扫条件下,透氧率为2.02 mL·cm-²·min^-1.     

Effect of CH3OOH on the atmospheric concentration of OH radicals

Methyl hydroperoxide (CH₃OOH, MHP) is known to be a significant sink and reservoir of HO_x and RO_x radicals in the atmosphere. In order to investigate the impact of MHP on the concentration of atmospheric OH radicals, two key gas-phase reactions of MHP, i.e. the reactions with OH radicals and with UV photolysis, have been simulated at temperature of 293±2 K and total pressure of 1.01×10⁵ Pa, using the long path Fourier transform infrared (LP-FTIR) spectrometry. OH radicals are generated by the photolysis of O₃ in the presence of water vapor. Combined with the relative rate method, the reaction rate constant of MHP with OH radicals is determined to be (3.99±0.15)×10^-12 cm³?molecule^-1?s^-1, and thus the atmospheric lifetime of MHP is estimated at 2.9 days. Furthermore, from detailed analysis of the UV photolysis of MHP, the yield of OH radicals is obtained to be 0.91±0.04. Based on the MHP atmospheric lifetime and the yield of OH radicals, it is concluded that MHP plays an essential role in the redistribution of OH radicals in the troposphere.     

Effect of CH3OOH on the atmospheric concentration of OH radicals

Methyl hydroperoxide (CH₃OOH, MHP) is known to be a significant sink and reservoir of HO_x and RO_x radicals in the atmosphere. In order to investigate the impact of MHP on the concentration of atmospheric OH radicals, two key gas-phase reactions of MHP, i.e. the reactions with OH radicals and with UV photolysis, have been simulated at temperature of 293±2 K and total pressure of 1.01×10⁵ Pa, using the long path Fourier transform infrared (LP-FTIR) spectrometry. OH radicals are generated by the photolysis of O₃ in the presence of water vapor. Combined with the relative rate method, the reaction rate constant of MHP with OH radicals is determined to be (3.99±0.15)×10^-12 cm³?molecule^-1?s^-1, and thus the atmospheric lifetime of MHP is estimated at 2.9 days. Furthermore, from detailed analysis of the UV photolysis of MHP, the yield of OH radicals is obtained to be 0.91±0.04. Based on the MHP atmospheric lifetime and the yield of OH radicals, it is concluded that MHP plays an essential role in the redistribution of OH radicals in the troposphere.     

239Pu在膨润土中的吸附和迁移实验研究

采用静态吸附实验和动态淋滤实验,研究了天然漂白土、钠基膨润土、高庙子膨润土、钙基膨润土四种膨润土对239Pu的吸附性能和迁移的阻滞性能。实验结果表明:钙基膨润土吸附能力最强,Kd高达7.808 2×104,高庙子膨润土次之,天然漂白土略低于高庙子土、钠基膨润土最弱,Kd为2.854 8×104。同时,钙基膨润土的渗水性能最强,渗透出的239Pu核素总量最多,淋出率为6.166‰。高庙子膨润土的渗水性能明显弱于天然漂白土,渗透出的239Pu核素总量也远远低于天然漂白土。吸附性能最弱的钠基膨润土的渗水性能最弱,核素的淋出率也最低,为0.107‰。综合考虑,高庙子膨润土和钠基膨润土对239Pu的阻滞性能更加优越,是处置库的回填材料的更好选择。     

CoFe2O4-Al2O3复合材料的制备及其在含日落黄废水处理中的应用

制备了铁酸钴-氧化铝（CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃）复合材料,并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积和孔径分析仪对多孔CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料的物相和形貌进行了分析. 利用制备的CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料活化过硫酸氢钾（PMS）来降解废水溶液中的日落黄（SY）,通过研究CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃材料制备过程中Co²⁺,Fe³⁺和Al³⁺的物质的量之比、煅烧温度和时长对材料催化性能的影响,发现Co²⁺,Fe³⁺和Al³⁺的最佳物质的量之比为1:2:12,最佳煅烧温度为400 ℃和最佳煅烧时长为3 h. 对采用在最优条件下制得的CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料作为催化剂,PMS氧化降解含日落黄废水进行研究,考察了pH值、温度、不同体系、PMS用量、CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃材料用量和一些阴离子对日落黄降解的影响. 结果表明：在pH=7,温度为55 ℃条件下,用0.1 g催化剂和0.125 g PMS能使100 mL质量浓度为0.6 g·L^-1的日落黄溶液在30 min内降解率达到99.5%. 同时,碳酸氢根负离子（HCO₃^-）和硝酸根负离子（NO₃^-）的加入抑制了日落黄的降解,而Cl^-则能促进日落黄的降解. 此外,在进行4次循环使用后,CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃仍表现出很好的催化性能,日落黄去除效果仍能达到90%以上.     

Iron fractions in the apoplast of intact root tips of Zea mays L. seedlings affected by nitrogen form

The effects of ammonium (NH₄⁺-N ) and nitrate ( NO₃^--N ) were examined on Fe fractions and FeCN (ferricyanide) reductase activity in intact root tips (0—3 cm) of young maize (Zea mays L. cv. Lenz) in solution culture by using short-term experiment under controlled Fe deficiency conditions (containing high HCO₃^- concentration in preculture solution). The results showed that Fe(Ⅱ) concentrations in root tip apoplast of maize were only 20—40 nmol/g FW which accounted for 7%—13% of total Fe. Most of Fe in root tips existed as Fe(Ⅲ) compounds. Imposition of the roots to NH₄⁺-N or NO₃^--N for 60 min led to an increase of Fe(Ⅱ) in root tip apoplast. NH₄⁺-N led to an increased concentration of Fe(Ⅱ) and exchangeable Fe (Fe(Ⅱ) and Fe (Ⅲ)) in root tips, while NO₃^--N increased FeCN reductase activity. The relationship between pH and Fe fractions, FeCN reductase activity was also discussed.     

Li3O+超碱团簇的结构及储氢性能的理论研究

采用杂化密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-311++G (d, p)基组水平上对Li₃O ^{0, +}超碱团簇的几何结构和稳定性进行理论计算,并研究了Li₃O⁺团簇的储氢性能。结果表明,Li₃O⁺团簇结构相比中性Li₃O团簇结构的动力学稳定性要高。氢分子在Li₃O⁺团簇表面能以介于物理吸附与化学吸附之间的形式吸附,每个Li原子最多可以有效吸附三个H₂,储氢质量分数可达33.01 wt%。H₂分子在Li₃O⁺团簇表面的平均吸附能范围为1.959~3.591 kCal/mol,该吸附能满足在近室温条件下可逆吸放氢反应的热力学要求。     

Experimental measurement of the electrical conductivity of single crystal olivine at high temperature and high pressure under different oxygen fugacities

At 1.0?4.0 GPa and 1123?1473 K and under oxygen fugacity-controlled conditions (Ni+NiO, Fe+Fe₃O₄, Fe+FeO and Mo+MoO₂ buffers), a YJ-3000t Model six-anvil solid high-pressure apparatus and a Sarltron-1260 Impedance/Gain-Phase analyzer were employed to conduct an in situ measurement of the electrical conductivity of single crystal olivine. Experimental results showed that: (1) within the range of experimentally selected frequencies (10³?10⁶ Hz), the electrical conductivity of the sample is of great dependence on the frequency; (2) with the rise of temperature (T), the electrical conductivity (σ) will increase, and the Arrenhius linear relationship is established between lgσ and 1/T; (3) under the control of oxygen buffer Fe+Fe₃O₄, with the rise of pressure, the electrical conductivity tends to decrease whereas the activation enthalpy and independent-of-temperature preexponential factor tend to increase, with the activation energy and activation volume of the sample estimated at (1.25±0.08) eV and (0.105±0.025) cm³/mol, respectively; (4) under given pressure and temperature conditions, the electrical conductivity tends to increase whereas the activation energy tends to decrease with increasing oxygen fugacity; and (5) the mechanism of electrical conduction of small polarons can provide insight into the behavior of electrical conduction of olivine under high pressure and high temperature.     

Ce掺杂的NiCo2O4催化氧化甲苯性能研究

NiCo₂O₄是一种很前景的甲苯氧化催化剂。本文以Ce为杂原子,利用水热法制备Ce/NiCo₂O₄催化剂,以提高NiCo₂O₄尖晶石表面活性氧生成速率。采用氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)、以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征催化剂。通过改变铈掺杂量,得到最佳掺杂比例。甲苯降解实验表明,在甲苯浓度为2538ppm,空速为10000h^_-1,催化剂体积为0.5mL 时,一次水热法制备得到的15%Ce/NiCo₂O₄催化剂降解性能最优(T₉₉=267℃),在267℃下进行催化反应72h后催化剂性能无显著变化。机理研究发现,掺杂铈可提升催化剂中高价金属含量,同时催化剂良好的氧化还原性能可加快表面活性氧生成速率,从而催化性能得以提升。     

钴掺杂Mn3O4作为模板制备锂离子电池正极LiMn2O4

以水热合成的钴掺杂Mn₃O₄作为模板,通过固相反应制备尖晶石LiMn₂O₄。XRD谱图和SEM照片显示制备的LiMn₂O₄具有岩石状结构并呈现良好的结晶性,同时Co的引入能够引起LiMn₂O₄晶格的收缩。作为锂离子电池正极材料,Co含量的增加能够提高循环稳定性但降低材料放电比容量,3% Co掺杂的LiMn₂O₄在0.5 C的电流密度下,经过100次循环后,剩余放电比容量达101.6 mAh·g^-1;在10 C的电流密度下,放电比容量可维持在81.0 mAh·g^-1,优于未掺杂的LiMn₂O₄。这是由于Co的引入能够稳定LiMn₂O₄晶体结构并抑制循环中的姜-泰勒扭曲。     

O3/H2O2工艺控制太湖原水中致嗅氨基酸

针对太湖原水中氨基酸氯化消毒后可能引发的嗅味问题,采用太湖某水厂滤后水为研究对象,考察了O₃/H₂O₂深度处理工艺对水中致嗅氨基酸的去除效果及影响因素。结果表明滤后水中致嗅氨基酸占总游离氨基酸的81.6%,采用O₃/H₂O₂工艺降解致嗅氨基酸的最佳投量为1.5 mg·L^-1 O₃和0.06 mM H₂O₂,去除率91.28%,致嗅氨基酸浓度降至484.62 ng·L^-1,加氯消毒后几乎没有致嗅风险。水温10~30℃范围内,O₃/H₂O₂对致嗅氨基酸的去除率随温度升高而增大;pH=6~8范围内,去除率随pH的升高而增大。另外,该组合工艺较单独O₃/H₂O₂对溴酸盐的生成也有明显抑制作用。     

乙醇燃料车尾气净化催化剂研究

 制备了一种具有钙态矿结构的Ag修饰的La_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃催化剂,实验表明这种催化剂对低浓度乙醇完全氧化的催化活性高于负载型贵金属催化剂,O₂-TPD谱表明,Ag⁺对La_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃表面的修饰可以增加催化剂表面O₂^2-/O^-物种的量,从而有利于对乙醇的完全催化氧化.     

纳米Al2O3分离富集环境样品中的铊

 研究了纳米Al₂O₃对铊的吸附性能,考察了吸附热力学,最佳酸度和吸附容量.实验结果表明:在最佳pH条件下,铊定量、快速地被吸附在纳米Al₂O₃材料上;其2,20,40 ℃时最大吸附容量分别为4.44, 5.78, 6.28 mg·g^-1;等温吸附线呈现可逆的Langmuir吸附形式.吸附反应的焓变ΔH⁰和熵ΔS⁰均为正值,ΔG⁰为负值,说明该过程是自发的吸热反应.被吸附在纳米Al₂O₃上的金属离子能采用1.00 mL 0.25 mol·L^-1 HCl溶液定量洗脱, 其回收率达到98%.该法对铊的检出限为0.84 μg·L^-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.4%, 已成功地应用于实际水样和多金属结核样品GBW07296的测定,分析结果令人满意.     

聚谷氨酸修饰碳糊电极的制备及其对铜离子的测定

 制备了聚谷氨酸修饰碳糊电极,通过循环伏安法和交流阻抗法研究了K₄Fe(CN)₆/K₃Fe(CN)₆在修饰电极上的电化学行为,结果显示碳糊电极修饰聚谷氨酸后,K₄Fe(CN)₆/K₃Fe(CN)₆的氧化还原峰电流变大、交流阻抗变小.采用阳极溶出伏安法将所修饰碳糊电极用于铜离子的检测,在pH=4.50的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液中,于-0.20 V 电位下将Cu²⁺还原富集后再进行阳极氧化扫描,在0.14 V处获得一灵敏的铜的溶出峰,峰电流与铜浓度在1.57×10^-8~1.57×10^-5 mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,最低检测限为5.00×10^-9 mol/L.制备的聚谷氨酸修饰碳糊电极成功用于铜离子的测定.     

改性金属有机框架光催化剂制备及水处理效能

采用简单的多级搅拌方法，利用AgCl对金属有机框架（MOF）光催化剂（MIL-100（Fe））进行改性。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和傅里叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）等表征手段，证明了新型异质结材料（AgCl/MIL-100（Fe））的成功制备。以磺胺假二嘧啶（SMZ）作为目标污染物，考察了催化剂投量、污染物浓度和pH等因素对光催化去除效果的影响，并初步探讨了SMZ的降解机理和路径。结果表明，异质结的成功构建更合理的利用了光生电子（e^-）和空穴（h⁺），加速了界面处载流子的传递，提高了材料的光催化性能。当pH = 7，催化剂投加量为0.5 g·L^-1，反应时间为1.5 h，1.0 mg·L^-1的SMZ去除率达到99.9%。在SMZ的光催化降解过程中，超氧自由基（?O₂^-）、羟基自由基（?OH）和h⁺起主要作用，主要有氧化、羟基化和脱硝3种方式。